92 TOOLS FOE PELLtNO AND CONVERSION. 



tough wood, the grain running with the length of the wedge. 

 In conifer forests they are readily made out of the branchwood. 

 If the wedges are carefully made from wood not immediately 

 at hand, the head may be protected from splitting with an iron 

 ring. 



Aeticle 5. — TooiB roE dieectino the pali, op teees. 



These are strong chains ending at either extremity in a hook at- 

 tachable to any of the links, the forest devil, and an apparatus 

 which may be termed the thrust pole. 



The chains are used for hauling down trees in a given direction 

 when they have been suificiently cut through. 



The forest devil (^Fig. 43) consists of a strong pole about 6 feet 



Fig. 43. 



The Forest Devil. (After Gayer"). 



long, to which are fixed the three chains A (of indefinite 

 length) and B and B' (of short length), and ending each in a hook 

 that can be hitched on to any link of the free chain C, which is 

 attached to the tree to be felled. The chain A is secured to a 

 stump or standing tree. As the tree to be felled is pulled and 

 sways forward more and more, the hooks at the end respectively of 



