P»^RT II. 



COLLECTION, PEEPARATION, AND DISPOSAL OF 

 MINOR PRODUCE, 



Under the term minor produce is included every useful snb- 

 stance that can be obtained from a forest besides timber and fire- 

 wood. The forests of India are particularly rich in minor produce, 

 both in regard to quantity and variety, and a knowledge of how to 

 utilize the various descriptions of soch produce is, therefore, of 

 peculiar importance to ns. At present, owing to the backward 

 condition of the country, the demand is limited ; but with the de- 

 velopment of means of communication, a rise in the standard of 

 living, and the continued expansion of internal as well as external 

 trade, the exploitation of minor produce will become a most import- 

 ant source of national wealth. 



A complete study of the utilization of every article of minor pro- 

 duce would lead us a great deal too far, and would require several 

 large volumes. Here it will sufBce to consider in a general manner 

 how they are obtained from the forest, and to what extent they 

 may be utilized without unduly interfering with the main end of 

 sylviculture, namely, the production of timber and firewood. The 

 subject will be treated under nine principal heads as follows : — 

 I. — Utilization of herbaceous vegetation. 

 II. — Utilization of the flowers and fruit of trees and shrubs. 

 III. — Utilization of the bark of trees and shrubs. 

 IV. — Utilization of the leaves of trees and shrubs. 

 V. — Utilization of minor produce obtained from wood and 

 from the interior of stems. 

 Vl.-^Utilization of minor produce furnished by the roots of 



trees and shrubs. 

 VII. — Utilization of exuded products. 

 VIII. — Utilization of animal products. 

 IX. — Utilization of minerals and some other products. 



CHAPTER I.— UTILIZATION OF HERBACEOUS 

 VEGETATION. 



The herbaceous vegetation covering the ground in our forests is 

 peculiarly abundant, but consists chiefly of grass. On it, at pre- 



