PRODUCTS DEKIVBD FKOM TnitPBNTINKS. 231 



be specially prepared by melting together, in certain proportions, 

 colophony, black pitch, and tar. 



The better kinds of colophony are used principally in the manu- 

 facture of paper, of soap, of sealing wax, of varnishes and of 

 cements, and in the preparation of ointments. The different pur- 

 poses served by oil of turpentine are too well known to need men- 

 tion. The cleaner scrape (^galipot) enters directly into the compo- 

 sition of certain varnishes, and is largely employed in the dockyards 

 for painting over masts and the sides of ships. 



Filtered crude turpentine is used in making varnishes, lithogra- 

 phic ink, and sealing wax. In France this filtered turpentine is 

 called pate de tdrdbenthine, and is of three grades. The first is no- 

 thing but the purest portion of the crude filtered oleo-resin before 

 distillation ; the second is the filtrate obtained by exposing the 

 crude oleo-resin to nothing stronger than the heat of the sun ; 

 while in obtaining the third, or best kind, only the ordinary tem- 

 perature of the air is employed. The price of this last kind is at 

 least six times higher than that of the other two kinds ; but the 

 yield of it is proportionately very small. 



All the refuse of manufacture of the preceding articles may be 

 burnt in closed chambers to produce lampblack. Lastly, if the 

 crude turpentine is obtainable in sufficient abundance and at low 

 rates, gas for lighting purposes may be manufactured from it. 



