THE DESCENT OF MAN 



crests are sometimes confined to the males, or are much more 

 developed in them than in the females. Two antelopes, the 

 Tragelaphus scriptus " (see Fig. 70, p. 702) and Portax picta, 

 may be given as instances. When stags, and the males of 

 the wild goat, are enraged or terrified, these crests stand 

 erect; " but it cannot be supposed that they have been 

 developed merely for the sake of exciting fear in their en- 

 emies. One of the above-named- antelopes, the Portax picta, 

 has a large, well-defined brush of black hair on the throat, 

 and this is much larger in the male than in the female. In 

 the Ammotragus tragelftphus of North Africa, a member of 

 the sheep family, the forelegs are almost concealed by an 

 extraordinary growth of hair, which depends from the neck 

 and upper halves of the legs; but Mr. Bartlett does not be- 

 lieve that this mantle is of the least use to the male, in whom 

 it is much more developed than in the female. 



Male quadrupeds of many kinds difEer from the females in 

 having niore hair, or hair of a different character, on certain 

 parts of their faces. Thus the bull alone has curled hair 

 on the forehead." In three closely allied sub-genera of 

 the goat family, only the males possess beards, sometimes 

 of large size; in two other sub-genera both sexes have a 

 beard, but it disappears in some of the domestic breeds of 

 the common goat; and neither sex of the Hemitragus has a 

 beard. In the ibex the beard is not developed during the 

 summer, and it is so small at other times that it may be 

 called rudimentary. " With some monkeys the beard is con- 

 fined to the male, as in the orang; or is much larger in the 

 male than in the female, as in the Mycetes caraya and Pi- 

 thecia satanas (Fig. 68). So it is with the whiskers of some 



" Dr. Gray, "Grleanings from the Menagerie at Knowsley," pi. 28. 



'* Judge Caton on the Wapiti, "Transact. Ottawa Acad. Nat. Sciences," 

 1868, pp. 36, 40; Blyth, "Land and Water," on Capra cegagrm, 1861, 

 p. 37. 



" "Hunter's Essays and ObserTations," edited by Owen, 1861, vol. i. 

 p. 236. 



'» See Dr. Gray's "Oat. of Mammalia in British Museum," part til, 1862, 

 p. 144. 



