'718 THE DESCENT OF MAN 



In regjird to the general hairiness of the body, the women 

 in all races are less hairy than the men; and in some few 

 Quadrumana the under side of the body of the female is 

 less hairy than that of the male." Lastly, male monkeys, 

 like men, are bolder and fiercer than the females. They 

 lead the troop, and when there is danger, come to the front. 

 We thus see how close is the parallelism between the sexual 

 differences of man and the Quadrumana. With some few 

 species, however, as with certain baboons, the orang and 

 the gorilla, there is a considerably greater difference be- 

 tween the sexes, as in the size of the canine teeth, in the 

 development and color of the hair, and especially in the 

 color of the naked parts of the skin, than in mankind. 



All the secondary sexual characters of man are highly 

 variable, even within the limits of the same race; and they 

 differ much in the several races. These two rules hold 

 good generally throughout the animal kingdom. In the ex- 

 cellent observations made on board the "Kovara" " the male 

 Australians were found to exceed the females by only 65 

 millimetres in height, while with the Javans the average 

 excess was 218 millimetres; so that in this latter race the 

 difference in height between the sexes is more than thrice 

 as great as with the Australians. Numerous measurements 

 were carefully made of the stature, the circumference of the 

 neck and chest, the length of the backbone and of the arms, 

 in various races; and nearly all these measurements show 



whiskers, etc., in a monkey becoming white with old age, as is so commonly the 

 case with us. This, however, occurred in an aged Macacus cynomolgus kept 

 in confinement, whose mustaches were "remarkably long and human like." 

 Altogether this old monkey presented a ludicrous resemblance to one of the 

 reigning monarchs of Europe, after whom he was universally nicknamed. In 

 certain races of man the hair on the head hardly ever becomes gray; thus Mr. 

 D. Forbes has never, as he informs me, seen an instance with the Aymaras and 

 Quichuas of S. America. 



^1 This is the case with the females of several species of Hylobates; see 

 Geoffrey St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, "Hist. Nat. des Mamm.," tom. i. See, also, 

 on H. la/r. "Penny CyclopEedia, " vol. ii. pp. 149, 150. 



" The results were deduced by Dr. Weisbaoh from the measurements made 

 by Drs. K. Soherzer and Schwarz ; see "Eeise der Novara ; Anthropolog. Theil," 

 1867, ss. ai6, 231, 234, 236, 239, 269. 



