BlilDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMEKIOA. 



107 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 168-186 (174); wing, 110-121 (114.1); 

 tail, 59-70 (63.2); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11); tarsus, 19-21.6 (20.8); 

 middle toe, 16-19 (17)." 



Circumpolar. Northern parts of Northern Hemisphere, breeding 

 in coniferous forests of the Boreal Life Zone; southward in winter, 

 in North America (irregularly), to Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 

 Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Colorado, northern California, etc. , casually 

 to Arizona (Fort Mojave) ; breeding from Keewatin (Fort Churchill) 

 and Athabasca (Theitaga Lake) to Alaska. 



[Lanius] ^amiZus LinNjKUS, Syst. Nat, ed.,10, 1,1758,95. — Scopoli, Bemerk., ed. 

 Giinther, 1770, 18. 



lAmpelis] garrulua Linn^ebs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 297. — Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat., i, 1788, 838.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 363.— Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 1872, 115. 



'A[mpeUs] garrulus Gbay, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 278; List Brit. Birds, 1863, 80.— 

 Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 103 (n. e. Illinois; irregular winter 

 visitor) .—Coues, Key N. Am. Binls, 2d ed., 1884, 326.— Ridqway, Man. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1887, 464.' 



{Ampelis] garrulust Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 336. — Gray, Hand-list i, 1869, 

 365, no. 5565. 



Ampel'is garrulus Schlegel, Vog. NederL, 1854, pi. 121. — Sundevall, Svensk. 

 Fogl., 1858, pi. 18, fig. 4.— Baird, Kep. Pacific E. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 317, 

 923; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 232.— Newton, Ibis, 1861, 92-106, pi. 4 

 (nest and eggs; descr. nesting, etc.); ed. Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, i, 1874, 

 523. — Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ii, 1861, 122 (Fort Mojave, 1 spec, Jan. 

 10, California); Orn. Cal., 1870, 127.— Allen, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 66 

 (Springfield, Massachusetts; accidental). — MoIlwraith, Proc. Essex Inst., 

 V, 1866, 87 (Hamilton, Ontario).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1866, 



ffl Eighteen specimens. 



Specimens from different geographic areas average, respectively, in measurements 

 as follows: 



I am not able to detect any constant difference in coloration between specimens 

 from North America and those from Europe and northeastern Asia, though the 

 former appear to have the color of the flanks appreciably darker, at least as a rule. 

 A considerably larger series, especially of Palsearctic specimens, would be necessary 

 for satisfactory comparison. 



