BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 109 



setts, etc.); Synopsis, 1839, 165; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 165, pi. 245.— 

 Macgillivbay, Man. Brit. Orn., i, 1840, 183.— Keysbeling and Blasius, 

 Wirb. Eur., 1840, 167.— Yaehbll, Hist. Brit. Birds, i, 1843, 356.— Midden- 

 DORFF, Sibir. Reis., 1851, 156.— Hoy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1853, 

 381 (Racine, Wisconsin).— Wolley, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 55, pi. 

 122 (nest and eggs; Lapland).— Maximilian, Journ. fijr Orn., 1858, 189 

 (upper Missouri R.).— Hintz, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 229 (migrations).— 

 HoMEYEE, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 124 (e. Siberia). — Fkitsch, Vog. Eur., 

 1870, pi. 27, figs. 4, 5.— Taczanowski, Journ. fiir Orn., 1872, 442 (Siberia); 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1888, 459 (Corea, Feb.). 



Bombycilla garrulus Kaup, Thierr., ii, pt. i, 1836, 173. — Nokdmann, Journ. fiir 

 Cm., 1858, 307 (Lapland; breeding habits) . 



B[ombyciUa] garrula Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 55 (Germany). 



Parus bombycilla Pallas, Zoogr. Eosso-Asiat., i, 1826, 548 (based on Lanius 

 garrulus Linnseus). 



Bombyciphora poliocoelia Meyee, Vog. Liv.-u. Esthl., 1815, 104 (Europe); Ann. 

 Wetter. Gesellsch; iv, heft i, 1819, 90, in text. 



Bombycilla bohemica Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 18 {nomen 

 nudum; ex Garrulus bohemicus Gesner, De Avibus, ed. 1617, 636, etc.).- — 

 FoESTEE, Synopt. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, 6. — Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., 

 X, 1817, 421, pi. 34.— Beehm, Vog. Deufschl., 1831, 219. 



Bombycilla brachyrhynchus Beehm, Naumannia, 1855, 275. 



Bombycilla cserulea (typographical error) Dubois, Rev. et. Mag. de. Zool., xii, 

 1860, pi. 2. 



Ampelis lieniericus Meybr,_ Ann. Wetter. Gesellsch. fiir Naturk., i, heft i, 1809, 

 270 (proposed for A. garrulus). 



AMPELIS CEDRORUM (Vieillot). 

 CEDAR WAXWING. 



Adults {sexes alike). — {a) Perfect plumage: Frontal antise (con- 

 nected narrowly across base of forehead), lores, and wedge-shaped 

 postocular patch (connected with loral area above eye) velvety black; 

 chin dull black; rest of head, together with neck and chest, soft pink- 

 ish wood brown or brownish fawn color, darker on throat, where 

 shading into the black or dusky of chin, slightly duller or grayer on 

 hindneck; anterior portion of malar region and a narrow line (some- 

 times obsolete) separating the brown of forehead from the black of 

 lores and frontal antise white; back and scapulars similar in color to 

 hindneck but slightly grayer (varying from broccoli brown to nearly 

 hair brown), the wing-coverts still grayer; secondaries, primary 

 coverts, and alula slate-gray, the first with terminal appendages (flat- 

 tened and expanded prolongations of the shaft) of scarlet, resembling 

 red sealing wax; primaries darker (slate color), edged with paler 

 gray; rump, upper tail-coverts and basal portion of tail paler graj^ than 

 secondaries, deepening toward end of tail into blackish slate or slate- 

 black, the tail tipped with a sharply defined band of lemon or chrome 

 yellow; vinaceous-brown color of chest passing posteriorly into a 

 slightly paler and duller hue on breast and anterior portion of 

 sides, and this- into light yellowish olive or dull olive-yellowish on 

 flaaks and posterior portion of sides; the abdomen similar but paler 



