BIEDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 151 



VIREOSYLVA PHILADELPHICA Cassin. 

 PHILADELPHIA VIREO. 



Adults [sexes alike). — Pileum plain mouse gray; hindneck, back, 

 scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain grayish olive-green; 

 wings and tail dark brownish gray or hair brown with light olive- 

 greenish edgings, these broader and more grayish (sometimes distinctly 

 gray) on greater wing-coverts; lesser and middle wing-coverts olive- 

 gray; a distinct superciliary stripe of dull whitish; a triangular loral 

 mark (most distinct next to eye) and a more or less distinct postocular 

 streak dusky grayish; auricular and malar regions pale olive, becom- 

 ing paler (sometimes whitish) beneath ej^e; under parts mostly dull 

 sulphur or primrose yellow, the chin and abdomen more or less exten- 

 sively whitish, the yellow deepest' on chest;" under wing-coverts and 

 axillars pale primrose yellow; inner webs of remiges edged with white; 

 maxilla dark horn color with paler tomia; mandible paler (bluish gray 

 in life'O; iris brown; legs and feet dusky (bluish gray or grayish blue 

 in life?). 



Yovng {in first autumn and winten^. — Similar to adults, but pileum 

 olive, rather than gray, and under parts more extensively and deeply 

 yellow (between sulphur j'ellow and straw yellow). 



Adult wale.— l^^ng^ (skins), 110-118 (113.5); wing, 65-69 (66.7); 

 tail, 44-48 (45.7); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 16-18 (17.1); middle 

 toe, 9.6-10 (9.9).* 



Adult fefmale.—limg'^ (skins), 108-122 (115); wing, 62-66 (64.6); 

 tail, 43-46 (44.6); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 17;" middle toe, 10.' 



Eastern North America; north to Maine, New Brunswick (Grand 

 Falls), Ontario (Moose Factorj^, Parry Sound, etc.), Manitoba (Fort 

 Felly; Duck Mountain), Athabasca (Fort Chippewyan; Big Cascade 

 Eapids, Athabasca R.), etc.; breeding from Ontario (Moose Factory; 

 Parrj?^ Sound?; Lansdown Station) and Manitoba (Fort Felly; Duck 

 Mountain) for an undetermined distance southward;** migrating south- 

 ward over whole of United States east of the Great Plains (more spar- 

 ingly east of Alleghenies) to Central America (Guatemala to Chiriqui 

 and Yeragua. (No Mexican nor West Indian records.) 



Vireosylvia pMladelpMca Casbin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, Feb., 1851, 153 

 (near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; coll. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.?); vi, 1S52, 

 pi. 1, fig. 2.— Bkbwbr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1857, 108-111 (Wisconsin; 

 habits, geog. range, etc. ) .^Sclatek and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 12 (Guate- 



« There is much individual variation in the relative extent of the yellow and white 

 on the under parts, either color prevailing in different specimens. 



t> Six specimens. 



" Five specimens. 



<2Said by Nelson (Bull. Essex Inst., viii', 1876,. 102, 152), to probably breed in 

 northeastern Illinois, 60 miles south of Chicago, and by Butler (Birds of ^Indiana, 

 1897, 1011) to breed in Starke and Carroll counties, in that State. 



