BTKD8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 163 



c. Spurious primary minute (one-half as long as longest primary coverts) ; hind- 

 neck and sides of neck olive-green, like back, etc.; upper tail-coverts gray; 

 chest tingeci with yellow. (Highlands of Guatemala. ) 



Lanivireo propinquus (p. 166) 

 cc. Spurious primary well developed (equal to or longer than longest primary 

 coverts); hindneck and sides of neck gray (or at least not olive-green); 

 upper tail-coverts olive or olive-green, like back, or else the back and rump 

 also gray; chest not tinged with yellow. {Lanivireo soUlarius. ) 

 d. Back, scapulars, and rump decidedly olive or olive-green; wing and tail 

 edgings olive or olive-green. 

 e. Larger (wing of adult male averaging at least 73.5), and brighter colored, 

 with broader and yellower wing-bands, brighter yellow on sides of flanks, 

 and gray of head darker and clearer. 

 /. Smaller (adult male averaging wing 73.5, tail 50.8, exposed culmen 10.1, 

 tarsus 18.6); back usually uniform olive-green. (Eastern North 

 America, breeding from mountains of Pennsylvania, New England 

 States, etc., northward; south in winter to Cuba and through eastern 

 Mexico to Guatemala. ) . .Lanivireo solitarius solitarius, adults (p. 167) 

 ff. Larger (adult male averaging wing 80.3, tail 55, exposed culmen 11.7, 

 tarsus 19.1) ; back usually partly (often extensively) gray. (Southern 

 Alleghenies, from western Maryland to South Carolina; lowlands of 

 South Atlantic States in winter. ) 



Lanivireo solitarius altioola, adults (p. 169) 

 ee. Smaller (wing of adult male averaging not more than 72) and duller col- 

 ored, with narrower and more whitish wing-bands, paler yellow on 

 sides and flanks, and gray of head paler and duller (decidedly brown 

 in immature birds). 

 /. Larger, with decidedly smaller bill (adult male averaging wing 72.3, 

 tail 52.3, exposed culmen 10.2); sides and flanks with less of yellow 

 than olive. (Western United States and British Columbia; western 



Mexico in winter.) Lanivireo solitarius cassinii, adults (p. 172) 



ff. Smaller, with decidedly larger bill (adult male averaging wing 69.6, 

 tail 51.1, exposed culmen 11.2) ; sides and flanks with more of yellow 

 than olive. (Southern portion of Lower California.) 



Lanivireo solitarius luoasanus, adults (p. 175) 

 dd. Back, scapulars, and rump gray, the latter slightly tinged with olive-green; 

 wing and tail edgings pale gray and white. (Rocky Mountain district of 

 United States; Mexico in winter.) 



Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus, adults (p. 170) 

 bb. Sides and flanks white, more or less tinged with pale yellow. (Young. )« 



LANIVIREO FLAVIFRONS (Vieillot). 

 TELLOW-THKOATED VIREO. 



Adult male. — Pileum, hindneck, and back plain yellowish olive; sides 

 of neck, auricular and malar regions, and sides of chest plain yellowish 

 olive-green; superciliary stripe (scarcely, if at all, passing behind eye), 

 suborbital spot, anterior portion of malar region, chin, throat, chest, 

 and breast canary yellow; abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts 

 white; flanks pale grayish; axillars and under wing-coverts white, 



* « Owing to lack of sufficient material I am unable to give distinctive characters for 

 the young of the several forms. 



