BlEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEBICA. 215 



moi-e than one-third as long as wing, much longer than middle toe 

 with claw, distinctly scutellate anteriorlj'; outer toe distinctly longer 

 than inner, the latter (without claw) about as long as hallux (without 

 claw), its claw reaching to base of middle claw. 



Coloration. — Above plain olive-green or brown, the head grayish 

 olive-green, gray, brown, or russet, the wings and tail also sometimes 

 russet or russet brown (in brown-backed species) ; beneath mostly pale 

 yellowish or buffy, or grayish white becoming light olive-green on 

 sides and flanks. 



Range. — Tropical America except West Indies and Galapagos Archi- 

 pelago, but including islands of Trinidad and Tobago. (Numerous 

 species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP PACHYSYLVIA. « 



a. Pileum and hindneck gray, in strong contrast with olive-green of back, etc. 



(Southern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama. ) Pachysylvia decurtata (p. 216) 



aa. Pileum and hindneck not gray. 

 6. Tail russet; pileum ta,wny-olive or olive-tawny, the former more yellowish 

 anteriorly; back olive-brown. {Pachysylvia ochraceiceps.) 

 c. Chest pale ochraceous-brown. (Southern Mexico to northern Honduras.) 



Pachysylvia ochraceiceps ochraceiceps (p. 218) 

 cc. Chest pale buffy olive. (Southern Honduras to Chiriqui.) 



Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipectus (p. 219) 

 bb. Tail olive-green; pileum brownish or grayish olive; back olive-green or grayish 

 olive. 

 c. Pileum distinctly browner than back, becoming yellowish on anterior portion 

 of forehead. {Pachysykia aurantiifrons.) 

 d. Under parts paler, the chest very slightly, if at all, tinged with buff; smaller, 

 with relatively shorter tarsus (adult male averaging wing 55.9, tail 43.5, 

 exposed culmen 12.1, tarsus 15.7). (Coast district of Colombia, from 

 Santa Marta to Panama. ).. Pachysylvia anrantiifrons aurantiifrons (p. 220) 

 dd. Under parts more brightly colored, the chest distinctly ochraceous or 

 buffy; larger, with relatively longer tarsus (adult male averaging wing 

 56.5, tail 44.3, exposed culmen 12.6, tarsus 17.1). (Venezuela; Trini- 

 dad; Guiana; Brazil.) 



Pachysylvia aurantiifrons hypoxantha (extralimital'') 



"■ Several extralimital forms are included for the reason that they have been com- 

 monly synonymized with Central American species. 



6 Hylophilus hypoxanihus Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. , ii, Abth. , 1869, 136 ( Rio [ganna and 

 Rio Vaup6, n. Brazil; coll. Vienna Mus.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1868, 627, 629 (San Esteban, Venezuela). — Hylophilus msularis{not of Sclater) L6o- 

 taud, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 186. — Hylophilus auraniiifrons (not of Lawrence) Sclater, 

 Ibis, 1881, 303, part; Gadow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., viii, 1883, 310, part; Chapman, 

 Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 27 (Trinidad; crit.); Robinson and Richmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 1901, 177 (San Julian, Venezuela). 



I am notentirely satisfied that the Trinidad bird is identical with that of the main- 

 land, having only three specimens of the latter and two of these of doubtful locality. 

 The single specimen of certain locality (from Guanaguana, province of Bermudez, 

 Venezuela) is paler beneath, more as in true P. aurantiifrons, and has the pileum 

 duller in color than either the Trinidad specimens or Colombian examples (P. a. 

 auraniiifrons). Of Trinidad specimens 22 adults have been examined in the pres- 

 ent connection, and these, without a single exception, can be distinguished from 

 any Colombian specimens at a considerable distance by the much deeper coloration 

 of the under parts. I have not seen examples from near the type locality, which is 

 that portion of northern Brazil near the Venezuelan boundary. 



