238 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



this extending farther toward base on outer web than on inner, on 

 which the black of middle portion extends much farther toward tip on 

 edge than next to shaft; third rectrix tipped with white for about 

 25-30 mm.; the remaining rectrices (except, sometimes, the middle 

 pair) also tipped with white, but of decreasing extent; all the rectrices 

 with concealed base white; malar region and under parts white, the 

 chest and sides of breast marked with more or less distinct wavy bars 

 or vermiculations of dusky grayish; bill entirely black in summer, 

 dusky horn color with base of mandible paler (flesh colored in life) in 

 winter;" iris brown; legs and feet black. 



Youngermale{secondyearV). — Similar to the perfectly adult plumage, 

 as described above, but gray of upper parts less pure, usually more or 

 less tinged with olive; white of upper tail-coverts, etc., more or less 

 obscured by gray; dusky yermiculations of chest, etc., much more 

 distinct, extending more over sides. 



Adndt female. — Similar to the younger male, just described, but still 

 duller in color, the gray darker (between gray no. 6 and mouse gray), 

 black of remiges (except tertials) duller, and white of wings and tail 

 more restricted; bill wholly black in summer, as in adult males. 



Young male {first auPumin amd winter). — Similar to the duller 

 colored adult females, but upper parts brownish gray or grayish 

 brown (hair brown to broccoli brown or drab); lower rump and upper 

 tail-coverts with more or less distinct vermiculations of darker; loral 

 region entirely light grayish; auricular region dusky instead of black; 

 middle wing-coverts margined with pale drab or brownish buffy, and 

 under parts much more extensively vermiculated, only the chin, lower 

 abdomen, and anal region being immaculate. 



Young female {in first autumn and winter). — Similar to the young 

 male of corresponding season but browner, the color of upper parts 

 approaching Isabella color, the scapulars, lower rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts washed with cinnamon-buff, under parts more or less washed 

 with the same, especially on sides and flanks, greater wing-coverts 

 edged with the same, and white at tips of secondaries and rectrices 

 more or less buffy. 



Young {first plumage). — Similar to the young in autumn and winter 

 but posterior scapulars, lower back, and whole rump finely but indis- 

 tinctly vermiculated, and throat, chest, and sides of breast pale buft'y 

 grayish finely vermiculated with darker. 



Adult male.— 'Length, (skins), 215-260 (239.3); wing, 112-121 (115.6); 

 tail, 106-118 (111.1); exposed culmen, 17-19 (17.8); tarsus, 26.5-28 

 (27.3); middle toe, 15-17 (16.1).* 



o There is no difference in plumage according to season in perfectly adult birds, 

 s Thirty specimens. 



