BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 241 



{1)Lanius major (not of Pallas) Oabanis, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1884, 251 (Chilcat R., 



Alaska).— SoHALOw, Auk, i, 1884, 292 (Chilcat R.). 

 Lanius borealis iniictus Gkinnbll (J.), Pacific Coast Avifauna, no. 1, Nov. 14, 



1900, 54 (Kowak R., Alaska; coll. J. Grinnell); no. 3, 1902, 61 (south to 

 Nicasio, Marysville, and Calaveras Co., California, in winter); Condor, iii, 



1901, 22 (Kadiak, Alaska).— Allen, Auk, xviii, 1901, 177 (repubUcation of 

 ^•orig. descr. ) . 



LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS LUDOVICIANUS Linnaeus. 

 LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. 



Adults (sexes alike). — Above plain slate-gray, darkest (approaching 

 slate-color) on pileum, fading gradually into paler gray (no. 6 to no. 8) 

 on upper tail-coverts and into white on outermost scapulars; lores, 

 orbital region, and auricular region black, forming a conspicuous 

 longitudinal patch on sides of head; the gray of forehead paling 

 slightly along upper margin of the loral portion of this black patch; 

 wings and tail black; secondaries tipped with white; a white patch at 

 base of primaries (except the outermost), this occupying both webs, 

 and more extended but less sharply defined on inner webs than on 

 outer; inner webs of secondaries dusky next to shaft for entire length, 

 the marginal portion broadly" and rather abruptly grayish white on 

 basal portion but becoming narrower and less definite terminally; 

 rectrices (except two middle pairs*) broadly tipped with white, this 

 greatly increasing in extent to the outermost, which is white for much 

 the greater part, only a subbasal spot on inner web and part of shaft 

 being blackish; entire under parts, including malar region, white, the 

 sides and flanks faintly shaded with gray, the chest also sometimes 

 with a very faint shade of the same; bill, legs, and feet black; iris 

 brown. 



Young. — Above brownish gray (smoke gray), the pileum and hind- 

 neck narrowly barred or vermiculated with narrow lines of darker 

 graj' and broader ones of pale buffy or brownish gray; scapulars, lesser 

 and middle wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts with more 

 distinct narrow dusky bars and with the paler bars broader, more buffy; 

 greater wing-coverts and secondaries tipped with grayish buffy, vary- 

 ing to pale cinnamon; chest, sides, and flanks pale buSy grayish or 

 grayish bufl'y narrowly barred or vermiculated with dusky; otherwise 

 similar to adults but with black patch on sides of head less sharply 

 defined and duller black (especially the loral portion), white portion 

 of tail more or less strongly (sometimes deeply) tinged with buff or 

 cinnamon, and with bill and feet brownish. 



"Occupying more than half the width of the web. 



*The pair next to the middle usually have a small white terminal spot. 



10384r-voL 3—03 16 



