BIEDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMEEIOA. 243 



Llaniusi ludovmanus Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 74, part. — Coues, Key N. 



Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 338.— Kidgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 467, 



part. 

 (?) Lanius ludoviciis Huhdis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 8 (Bermudas, autumn 



and winter). 

 Collyrlo ludovicianus Baikd, Eep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 325; Cat. N. Am. 



Birds,' 1859, no. 237.— Taylor, Ibis, 1862, 128 (Florida). 

 [Collyrio'] ludovicianus Gkay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 391, no. 5935. 

 CoUurio ludovicianus Baied, Review Am. Birds, June, 1866, 443 (Liberty Co. 



and Savannah, Georgia).— Coues, Proc. Boat. Soc. N, h., xii, 1868, 112 



(South Carolina; habits); Check List,' 1873, no. 135.— Baird, Brbwee, and 



RiDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 418, pi. 19, fig. 4. 

 [CoUurio ludovicianus'] var. ludovicianus Baird, Bebwee, and Ridqway, Hist. N. 



Am. Birds, i, 1874, 413. 

 [CoUurio} ludovicianus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 125. 

 [Lanius ludovicianus excuhitorides] a. ludovicianus Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 



561 (synonymy). 

 [Lanius} americanus Latham Index Orn., i, 1790, 69 (Louisiana; based on Pie- 



griesche de la Louisiane Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 397). 

 Lanius ardosiaceus Vieillot, Gis. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 81, pi. 51 (Georgia, Florida, 



and Louisiana) ; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 729.— Bonapaete, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 



ii, 1826. 

 (?) Lanius ardesiaceusBoN afahts, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 112. 

 Lanius carolinenm Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 57, pi. 22, fig. 5. — Lichtenstein, 



Verz. Doubl., 1823, no. 505. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 



1824, 358; iv, 1824, 272.— Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 373.— Hartlaob, 



Naumannia, ii, 1852, 52 (Cuba?). 



LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS MIGRANS Palmer. 

 ^NORTHERN LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. 



Practically identical in coloration with L. I. ludovicianus, but gray 

 of upper parts averaging slightly paler" (especially the gray along 

 upper margin of the black loral space) and under parts less purely 

 white, having, as a rule, a more decided tinge of gray to the white of 

 the chest, sides, and flanks; proportions distinctly different, the bill 

 being much smaller and the tail decidedly shorter than wing, instead 

 of the reverse. Young practically indistinguishable from that of L. 1. 

 hodovicianus, but perhaps averaging slightly more buffy and more 

 coarsely vermiculated above. 



n One specimen, however, from southern Illinois (no. 107476, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. , 

 Mount Carmel, Jan. 5, 1886; J. J. Turner) has the upper parts quite as dark as the 

 darkest example of L. I. ludovicianus and the under parts darker than in any other 

 example of the species, being entirely pale gray (between no. 7 and no. 8 of my 

 Nomenclature of Colors) , including even the axillars, under wing-coverts, and under 

 tail-coverts. An adult male from Lexington, Kentucky (no. 168822, coll. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., Nov. 21, 1898; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns), is absolutely indistinguishable in colora- 

 tion from the darker specimens of L. I. ludovicianus. Both these specimens are, how- 

 ever, referable to L. I. migrans according to proportions, each havmg the small bill 

 of that form and the tail shorter than the wing. 



