BIRDS OF NOETH.AND MIDDLE AMEKICA. 367 



Adult female.— Leu^th. (skins), 254-274.6 (268); wing, 139.5-147 

 (144); tail, 139-149 (145); exposed culmen, 19-20.5 (20); depth of bill 

 at base, 11-12 (11.5); tarsus, 34-36.6 (35.5); middle toe, 17.6-20 (19)." 



Eastern division of the Boreal Province (except Labrador and New- 

 foundland), from northern limit of coniferous forests south to Nova 

 Scotia, New Brunswick, northern Maine, higher mountains of New 

 Hampshire, Vermont, and northern New York (Adirondacks), north- 

 ern Ontario, northern Michigan, and northern Minnesota — irregularly, 

 casually, or during winter to Massachusetts (Cambridge, etc.), vicinity 

 of New York City, Pennsylvania (Lancaster County), southern 

 Ontario, southern Michigan, southeastern Wisconsin (Racine), and 

 South Dakota (Crystal Cave, October); west to Alberta (Blueberry 

 Hnis, Grand Cache, Banff, St. Anns, etc.); north to Lower Anderson 

 and Mackenzie rivers and west side of Hudson Bay (to south of latitude 

 60°), etc. 



\_Corvus] canadensis Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 158 (based on Le Oeay 

 brun de Canada Brisson, Orn., ii, 54, pi. 4, fig. 2). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 

 1788, 376.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 160. 



Corvus canadensis Foestek, Philos. Trans., Ixii, 1772, 386 (Hudson Bay). — 

 Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 33, pi. 21, fig. 1. — Sabine, App. Franklin's 

 Journ., 1823, 572.— Bonapabte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1823, 360; 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., iii, 1828, 58.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 

 1832, 232.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 53; v, 1839, 208, pi. 107. 



Qarrulus canadensis Swainson and Eichaedson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 295. — 

 Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 155, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 121, pi. 

 234. — Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 228 (Massachusetts, casual). — 

 ScHLEQBL, Mus. Pays-Bas, Ooraces, 1867, 65, part (Hudson Bay). — Tbippe, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 1871, 117 (Minnesota, resident). 



Perisoreus canadensis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 27. — Baikd, Eep. 

 Pacific E. E. Surv., ix, 1858, 590, part (Minnesota; n. United States); Cat. 

 , N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 443, part. — Veerill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 

 152 (Oxford Co., Maine, winter). — Boabdman, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ix, 

 1862, 127 (Calais, Maine, resident). — Lawkbnce, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1866, 

 289 (New York City, accidental). — McIlweaith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 

 91 (Hamilton, Ontario); Birds Ontario, 1892, 274 (Oshawa, Ontario, 1 

 spec.). — TuKNBULL, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 43 (winter straggler). — 

 Maynaed, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xiv, 1872, 375 (Lake Umbagog, Maine, 

 breeding).— CouEs, Check List, 1873, no. 239, part; 2d. ed., 1882, no. 359, 

 part.' — Baied, Be6wee, and Eidgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 299, 

 part, pi. 41, fig. 3, pi. 42, fig. 4.— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., iii, 1877, 

 104.— GiBBS, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geod. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 488 (Michigan; 

 in winter as far as s. boundary). — Eobeets, Eep. State Geologist Minn., 

 1880, 376 (n. Minnesota, abt.).— Eidqway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 

 297.— Maynaed, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 167.— Gunn, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vi, 1881, 120 (Sturgeon E., Michigan, Aug.) — Meeriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vi, 1881, 231 (Lewis Co., New York, resident).— Beown, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 112 (Scarborough, near Portland, Maine, 1 spec., Oct. 

 15) .— Jeffries, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 181 (Grand Falls, New 

 Brunswick; descr. nest and eggs). — Chameeelain, Bull. N. H. Soc. New 



o Four specimens. 



