BIRDS OP WORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 397 



c. Sides and flanks extensively chestnut. (Northern Pacific coast, from north- 

 ern California to east side of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.) 



Penthestes rufescens rufeacens (p. 416) 

 cc. Sides and flanks pale brownish-gray with little, if any, chestnut. 

 d. Sides and flanks obviously tinged or intermixed with chestnut. (Northern 

 side of San Francisco Bay, in Marin County, California. ) 



Penthestes rnfesoena neglectus (p. 418) 

 dd. Sides and flanks without any chestnut, or with a very slight tinge of that 

 color. (Coast range south of San Francisco Bay, California.) 



Penthestes rufescens barlowi (p. 418) 



PENTHESTES ATRICAPILLUS ATRICAPILLUS (Linnaeus). 



CHICKADEE. 



jidulis {se.r.iis a/ike) in .spring and nm/imer. — Entire pileum and 

 hindneck (except lateral portion of the latter) uniform deep black; 

 back, .scapulars, middle and lesser wing-coverts plain olive-gray,'' 

 passing into moi'e bufly gray on rump and upper tail-coverts; wings 

 and tail dusky slate color or dull blackish slate; greater wing-coverts 

 and secondaries broadly edged with pale gray or grayish white, the 

 primaries narrowly edged with the same; rectrices edged with light 

 olive-gray, or nearly ash gray, these edgings becoming white on 

 outermost ones; chin and whole throat black, the feathers near poste- 

 rior margin of this black area more or less conspicuously tipped with 

 white; sides of head and neck white; under parts of body white, the 

 sides and flanks tinged with buff; bill black; iris brown; legs and feet 

 dusky (bluish gray in life). 



Adults in autumn and wi7iter. — Similar to the spring and summer 

 plumage but much more richly colored, the gray of back, etc., more 

 buffy, the rump and upper tail-coverts more decidedly buffy, the sides 

 and flanks deep brownish buff, in strong contrast with white of the 

 abdomen, and the whitish edgings of larger wing-coverts, secondaries, 

 and outermost rectrices broader and more conspicuous. 



Young. — Similar to summer adults but black of head much duller 

 (entirely without gloss) and texture of plumage much looser. 



Adult ma^e.— Length (skins), 119.5-129.5 (124); wing, 63.5-67.5 

 {m)\ tail, 58-63 (61.5); culmen, 8-9.6 (9); tarsus, 16-17.6 (16.6); 

 middle toe, 9-10.5 (10.1).* 



Adult female.— Length, (skins), 112.5-126 (121.6); wing, 60.5-66.6 

 (63.3); tail, 66.5-63 (69.5); culmen, 9-9.5 (9.1); tarsus, 16-17 (16.9); 

 middle toe, 9-10.5 (9.8).* 



Northeastern United States and southeastern British Provinces; 

 north to Newfoundland, southern Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, and 

 southern Keewatin (Severn River); south, regularly, to about latitude 

 40°, in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, northern Indiana (south to 

 Tippecanoe, Carroll, and Wayne counties), northern Illinois, Iowa, 



oMuch deeper in tone than that of Ridgway's Nomenclature of Colors. 

 ^ Ten specimens. 



