BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 443 



to New Brunswick (upper St. John Eiver), and northern Ontario 

 (Elmsdale, etc.) casually (?) to Keewatin (Fort Churchill); west to 

 eastern edge of Great Plains (to about the ninety-seventh meridian in 

 Texas); south to Georgia and Gulf States (except coast belt). 



[Sitta europaea] y. Gmblin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 440 {A'vss 8%tta carolinerms Briason, 

 Orn., iii, 596; etc.). 



[jSiito] carolinensis Latham, Index Om., i, 1790, 262 (based on Sitta carolinensis 

 Brisson, Orn., iii, 596; etc.). 



Siita carolinensis Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 10, pi. 2, fig. 3. — Bonaparte, Ann. 

 Lye. N.Y., ii, 1826, 96; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 10; Conap. Av., i, 1850, 

 227. — LiCHTENSTBiN, Vcrz. Doubl., 1823, 17. — Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., 

 ii, 1831, p. xxxvii.— Ndttall, Man. Orn. U. B. and Can., i, 1832, 581.— 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 299; v, 1839, 473, pi. 152; Synopsis, 1839, 167; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 175, pi. 247.— Reichenbach, Handb., Abh., ii, 

 1853, 153, pi. 513, figs. 3563-4. — Woodhouse, in Sitgreaves' Rep. Zuni and Col. 

 R., 1853, 66, part (e. Texas).— Baikd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 

 374; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 33, fig. 4; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 277; Review Am. Birds, 1864, 86.— Sclatbk, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 15, part 

 (in synonymy).— Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 125, 174 (Topeka, 

 e. Kansas); Bull. Am. Mus., N. H., i, 1886, 261 (Massachusetts).— Trippe, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1872, 236 (Iowa).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 38; 

 2d ed., 1882, no. 57; Birds N. W., 1874, 23.— Baird, Brewer, and Ridq- 

 WAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pi. 8, figs. 1, 2. — Ridgway, Noni. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 51; Orn. lUuioia, i, 1889, 84.— Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. ■ 

 Club, vi, 1881, 226 (Adirondacks, New York, breeding). — Batchelder, 

 Bull.^ Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 109 (upper St. John; New Brunswick, 

 breeding). — Gadow, Cat. Birda Brit. Mus., viii, 1883, 353, part. — Bicknbll, 

 Auk, i, 1884, 135 (song, etc.). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, no. 727.— Cooke, Bird Migr. Misa. Val., 1888, 276 (west to 97th 

 merid.; SanAngeloand Gainesville, Texas; Caddo, Indian Territory). — Beck- 

 ham, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 692 (San Antonio and Leon Springs, 

 Texas, Dec. to Mar.).— White, Auk, x, 1893, 229 (Mackinac I., Michigan, 

 July, Aug.). — Sanderson, Auk, xv, 1898, 145 (food, habits, etc.). — Embody, 

 Birds, Madison Co., New York, 1901, 32 (resident). — Fleming, Auk, xiii, 

 1901, 44 (Elmsdale, etc., n. Ontario, resident). — Preble, North Am. Fauna, 

 No. 22, 1902, 128 (Fort Churchill, Keewatin).— Widmann, Auk, xix, 1902, 

 237 (Wequetonsing, Michigan, breeding). — Bailey (FlorenceM.), Handb. 

 Birds W. U. S., 1902, 453. 



S'liita'] carolinensis Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila,, iv, 1824, 25. — Cab- 

 anis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 93. — Maximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 106 

 (Pennsylvania, etc.; descriptions; habits). — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d 

 ed., 1884, 270, part.— Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 559, part. 



ISitta'] carolinensis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 83. 



Sitta carolinensis, var. carolinensis Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 114. 



Sitta carolinensis carolinensis Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 342. 



S\iUd] carolinensis carolinensis Hellmaye, Tierreich, 18. Lief., Mar., 1903, 187. 



/Siito caroZensis Covert, Annot. List Birds Washtenaw Co., Michigan, 1881, 175 

 (resident). 



Sitta melanocephala Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxi, 1819, 336; Gal. 

 Ois., 1825, 280, pi. 171.— Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 316 (cites Vieillot, Gal. 

 Ois., pi. 171, but also Sitta canadensis Gmelin). 



