THE USE OF THE FOREST. 277 



musical instruments ; cigar boxes ; matches ; toothpicks ; pencils ; 

 (315 million a year in the U. S., requiring over 7 million cubic feet 

 of wood) ; engraving blocks; shoe lasts, shoe trees and parts of 

 shoes ; hat blocks ; agricultural implements ; hop and bean poles ; 

 playthings and toys, for both children and adults; Christmas trees 

 and decorations ; pipes ; walking sticks ; umbrella handles ; crutches 

 and artificial limbs ; liousehold utensils ; excelsior. 



Products other than wood: Turpentine and resin (worth $80,- 

 000,000 a year; tar; oils; tan-bark, 1;^ million cords worth $13,- 

 000,000 a year; wood alcohol ; wood pulp (worth $15,000,000 a year) ; 

 nuts ; cellulose for collars, combs and car wheels ; balsam, medi- 

 cines; lami^black ; dyes; paper fiber (xylolin) for textiles; shellac 

 and varnish ($8,500,000 worth imported in 1907) ; vinegar and acetic 

 acid; confections (including maple sugar and syrup at $3,500,000 a 

 year). 



(3) The Esthetic and sentimental uses of the forest, tho not to 

 be estimated in dollars and cents, are nevertheless of incalculable 

 benefit to the community. They would include the use of the forest 

 as pleasure grounds, for hunting, fishing, camping, photography, and 

 general sightseeing. Notable instances of the growing appreciation 

 of these uses of the forest are the reservation of the Yellowstone and 

 Yosemite Parka as pleasure grounds. 



PRESERVATION. 



The second object of forestry is the preservation of the forest, or 

 continued reproduction. 



In addition to obtaining crops of trees, the forester plans to keep 

 the forest in such condition that it will constantly reproduce itself 

 and never become exhausted. 



This does not mean that no forests are to be cut down, or that a 

 given area, once a forest, is to be always a forest. Just as the indi- 

 vidual farmer needs some land for fields, some for pasture, and some 

 for woodlots, so the nation needs some for cities, some for farms, 

 some for pleasure grounds, and some for forests. But it does mean 

 that fruitful forests shall not be turned into wildernesses as thous- 

 ands of square miles now are, by the methods of destructive lum- 

 bering. 



In general, better land is necessary for agriculture than for for- 

 estrv^, and it is therefore only the part of wisdom to use the better 



