336 UTRICULARIA NEGLECTA. [Cxap. XVII. 
As the quadrifids are developed from papillae which at 
first closely resemble those on the outside of the bladders 
and on the surfaces of the leaves, I may here state that the 
two hemispherical cells with which these latter papille are 
crowned, and which in their natural state are perfectly 
transparent, likewise absorb carbonate and nitrate of am- 
monia; for, after an immersion of 23 hrs. in solutions of one 
part of both these salts to 437 of water, their primordial 
utricles were a little shrunk and of a pale brown tint, and 
sometimes finely granular. The same result followed from 
the immersion of a whole branch for nearly three days in a 
solution of one part of the carbonate to 1750 of water. The 
grains of chlorophyll, also, in the cells of the leaves on this 
branch became in many places aggregated into little green 
masses, which were often connected together by the finest 
threads. 
On the Absorption of certain Fluids by the Glands on the 
Valve and Collar—The glands round the orifices of bladders 
which are still young, or which have been long kept in 
moderately pure water, are colourless ; and their primordial 
utricles are only slightly or hardly at all granular. But in 
the greater number of plants in a state of nature—and we 
must remember that they generally grow in very foul water, 
—and with plants kept in an aquartum in foul water, most 
of the glands were of a pale brownish tint ; their primordial 
utricles were more or less shrunk, sometimes ruptured, with 
their contents often coarsely granular or aggregated into 
little masses. That this state of the glands is due to their 
having absorbed matter from the surrounding water, I 
cannot doubt; for, as we shall immediately see, nearly the 
same results follow from their immersion for a few hours in 
various solutions. Nor is it probable that this absorption is 
useless, seeing that it is almost universal with plants grow- 
ing in a state of nature, excepting when the water is remark- 
ably pure. 
The pedicels of the glands which are situated close to the 
slit-like orifice, both those on the valve and on the collar, 
are short; whereas the pedicels of the more distant glands 
are much elongated and project inwards. The glands are 
thus well placed so as to be washed by any fluid coming out 
of the bladder through the orifice. The valve fits so closely, 
judging from the result of immersing uninjured bladders in 
various solutions, that it is doubtful whether any putrid 
