Cuar. XVII] ABSORPTION BY THE GLANDS. 339 
was not affected was then irrigated with the mixed solution of the 
nitrate and phosphate of ammonia, and after only 25 m. the glands 
contained from four or five toa dozen granules. After six additional 
hours their primordial utricles were greatly shrunk. 
The summit of a bladder was examined, and all the glands found 
colourless, with their primordial utricles not at all shrunk ; yet many 
of the oblong glands contained granules just resolvable with No. 8 of 
Hartnack. It was then irrigated with a few drops of a solution 
of one part of urea to 218 of water. After 2 hrs. 25 m. the 
spherical glands were still colourless; whilst the oblong and two-armed 
ones were of a brownish tint, and their primordial utricles much 
shrunk, some containing distinctly visible granules. After 9 hrs, 
some of the spherical glands were brownish, and the oblong glands 
were still more changed, but they contained fewer separate granules ; 
their nuclei, on the other hand, appeared larger, as if they had absorbed 
the granules. After 23 hrs. all the glands were brown, their pri- 
mordial utricles greatly shrunk, and in many cases ruptured. 
A bladder was now experimented on, which was already somewhat 
affected by the surrounding water; for the spherical glands, though 
colourless, had their primordial utricles slightly shrunk; and the 
oblong glands were brownish, with their utricles much, but irregularly, 
thrunk, The summit was treated with the solution of urea, but was 
little affected by it in 9 hrs.; nevertheless, after 23 hrs. the spherical 
glands were brown, with their utricles more shrunk; several of the 
other glands were still browner, with their utricles contracted into 
irregular little masses. 
Two other summits, with their glands colourless and their utricles 
not shrunk, were treated with the same solution of urea. After 5 hrs. 
many of the glands presented a shade of brown, with their utricles 
slightly shrunk. After 20 hrs. 40 m. some few of them were quite 
brown, and contained irregularly aggregated masses; others were still 
colourless, though their utricles were shrunk; but the greater number 
were not much affected. ‘This was a good instance of how unequally 
the glands on the same bladder are sometimes affected, as likewise 
often occurs with plants growing in foul water. ‘T'wo other summits 
were treated with a solution which had been kept during several days 
in a warm room, and their glands were not at all affected when 
examined after 21 hours. 
A weaker solution of one part of urea to 437 of water was next tried 
on six summits, all carefully examined before being irrigated. The 
first was re-examined after 8 hrs. 80 m., and the glands, including the 
spherical ones, were brown; many of the oblong glands having their 
primordial utricles much shrunk and including granules. The second 
summit, before being irrigated, had been somewhat affected by the 
surrounding water, for the spherical glands were not quite uniform in 
appearance; and a few of the oblong ones were brown, with their 
utricles shrunk. Of the oblong glands, those which were before colour- 
less, became brown in 8 hrs, 12 m, after irrigation, with their utricles 
Zz 2 
