THE DAVEY INSTITUTE OF TREE SURGERY 
of removing any dead twigs that may be still hanging to the 
trees. 
106. The food plants include oak, hickory, chestnut, beech, 
Dsaice. birch, firs, locust, redbud, sumach, orange, Osage orange, 
apple, plum, quince, peach, grape and bittersweet. 
13. TWIG GIRDLER 
Family CERAMBYCID. Species Oneiders cingulatus Say 
107. The adult of this peculiar round-headed borer appears in 
July and August. It is similar in its habits to the twig pruner, in 
so far that it cuts the twigs from the tree upon which the larva is 
to feed. It differs from this species, however, in that the beetle 
cuts the twig from the tree instead of the larva. This is done by 
cutting a U-shaped groove around the twig, leaving nothing but a 
small portion of the heart-wood. When this dries it is easily broken 
by the wind. The eggs are laid in a crescent-shaped cut in the 
bark, above the point where the twig is girdled. These may hatch 
before or after the twig falls. The larva feeds within these twigs 
and emerges as the adult beetle the following summer. 
108. ‘The simplest and most effective control is to collect and 
destroy these twigs as fast as they fall. 
tog. They attack hickory, pecan, persimmon, elm, linden, oak, 
apple, pear, quince, peach, orange, and rose bushes. 
14. HEART-WOOD BORER 
Family SPONDYLIDE. Species Parandra brunne Fabr. 
110. While the larva of this species closely resembles the 
round-headed borers and has similar habits, the adult beetles are 
very different. These are about three-quarters of an inch long and 
one-third as wide. In color they are a chestnut brown. They are 
much flattened, and in general appearance resemble the common 
pinching bug, but with smaller mandibles or pincers. 
111. ‘The larvz live in the heart-wood of different trees, gain- 
ing entrance through a wound and then honeycombing the heart- 
wood, causing rapid decay. This has not been generally consid- 
ered to be a pest of shade and fruit trees until recently, owing to 
he fact that its work has been confused with the work of the round- 
eaded apple tree borers It has been found to cause serious dam- 
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