S HA DE T EK EB E INS £ CTS 
eye, beeches, birches, dogwoods, hickories, oaks and walnuts, in 
the order named. 
35. Symptoms. Dead, dying or wilting limbs, projecting 
above leafy branches, or broken and hanging among otherwise 
healthy trees, are the surest indications of the work of this borer. 
36. Habits. The dirty white adults, appearing from May to 
September, have a wing expanse of from 2% to 3 inches in the 
female, but the male is not so large. The fore wings are covered 
with numerous black spots. The under side of the body and the 
legs are black. The upper side of the abdomen is black or striped 
with black, and the thorax is spotted with six or seven black spots. 
The females are large and sluggish. They have a three-jointed 
ovipositor, with which the eggs are placed in cracks of the bark or 
under bark scales. 
37. ‘The males can be collected in great numbers around elec- 
tric street lights, but the females are poor flyers and do not fre- 
quent the lights so abundantly. 
38. The eggs, 400 to 800 in number, are laid in crevices in the 
bark of the trunk or limbs, singly or several in a place. On hatch- 
ing, the larve crawl to the top of the tree and enter the smaller 
branches just above a bud or twig. 
39. When the larva first begins burrowing upward through 
the limb, its presence can be detected by the white powdery dust 
expelled from the hole. Later this changes to cylindrical pellets, 
light golden or brown in color. New openings through the bark 
are made from time to time through which the frass is expelled, 
but these holes are sealed with a silken web when not in use. The 
pellets collect in clusters below these holes, where they hang sus- 
pended by the web, or form small piles on the pavement or ground 
below. In this way they betray the presence of the borers, espe- 
cially when the larve are nearly grown. If the limb becomes too 
small for the rapidly growing larva, the latter leaves its burrow 
and enters at another place, usually in a larger limb. 
40. ‘The first winter is passed by the larve when about an 
inch long, within the burrow, deep in the wood. Up to this time 
they have done comparatively little damage to the tree. The 
greatest damage is done during the second summer and the spring 
following, before the larve change to the pupe. The larve are 
now 1/4 to 2% inches long, and are ravenous feeders. They fre- 
quently girdle large limbs or excavate large cavities in the wood, 
Page 8 
