22 ■ THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 



white, leaves coriaceous, tomentose, nearly entire, stem 

 2-6 in. ; high ; Dauphiny. 



35. Saussurea, DC. 



Flowers purple or violet ; capitules usually numerous, 

 corymbose; involucral bracts unarmed; anther -cells 

 tailed ; pappus-hairs in two rows, the outer rough, the 

 inner feathery. Alpine. 



5. alpina, DC; stem 6-i8 in., leaves lanceolate, 

 webbed beneath with grey hairs, involucral bracts narrow; 

 high, rocky. 5. macrophylla, Saut. ; leaves broader, in- 

 volucral bracts broad; Tirol, Salzburg, Pyrenees, rare. 

 S. depressa, Gren. ; capitules few, stem very short (2 in.), 

 leafy, leaves grey-white beneath; very rare; Southern 

 Switzerland, Tirol (Gross-Glockner), Dauphiny. 5. dis- 

 color, DC. ; leaves lanceolate-cordate, with a snow-white 

 tomentum beneath ; high, rare. 5. pygmma, Spreng. ; 

 flowers red-violet, capitule solitary, stem 2-6 in., leaves 

 linear, entire or denticulate; Tirol, Carniola, Carinthia, 

 Styria, rare. 



36. Carlina, L. 



Flowers purple ; outer involucral bracts spiny, spread- 

 ing, white, inner coloured, shining; fruit silky, with 

 feathery pappus ; leaves pinnatifid, spiny. 



The English C. vulgaris, L., Carline-Thistle, with single 

 sessile white capitule ; very common on open hill-sides. 

 Also C. acaulis, L. ; capitule solitary, much larger (up to 

 3 in.), stem o or very short ; mountain pastures, frequent, 

 especially in Jura. C. longifolia, Rchb. {nebrodensis, 

 Koch); stem up to 18 in., capitules several, leaves elliptic- 



