COMPOSITE 29 



larger, neuter, inner bisexual ; pappus-hairs short, scabrid, 

 rarely o. 



A. Flowers blue: — C. Cyanus, L., Cornflower, Blue- 

 bottle; cornfields. C.montana, L., commonly sold as Corn- 

 flower; leaves green, entire, slightly webbed, involucral 

 bracts with a narrow black fringe, capitule solitary ; 

 bushy, alpine, common. C. axillaris, Willd. ; capitules 

 often several, leaves white, webbed, involucral bracts 

 with a broad silvery fringe ; bushy, alpine ; Southern 

 Switzerland, Dauphiny. 



B. Flowers yellow : — C. solstitialis,'L..; involucre spiny, 

 stem winged, cottony, lower leaves lyrate, upper linear, 

 decurrent ; cultivated land. 



C. Flowers red, involucre spiny : — C. Calcitrapa, L. ; 

 stem-leaves pinnatifid, not decurrent. 



D. Flowers red, involucre not spiny; bracts dentate- 

 fringed, but not appendaged: — C. Scabiosa, L., with 

 pinnatifid leaves and broadly-rayed capitules, is common 

 in English meadows; the others are not British. C. 

 valesiaca, Jord. ; involucral bracts strongly veined, lateral 

 fringes 5-7 on each side ; waste places ; Valais. C- pani- 

 culata, L. ; involucral bracts with a spiny terminal fringe ; 

 very rare ; Valais, Bale, Nyon. C. maculosa, Lam. ; involu- 

 cral bracts with a black spot at the tip, lateral fringes 7-12 

 on each side; Lower Engadine, Chur, Bale, Dauphiny. 

 C. alpestris, Heg. {Kotschyana, Koch, Menteyerica, 

 Chaix) ; fringe almost silvery, more or less hiding the in- 

 volucre, capitules very large (f-i in.) ; mountain pastures, 

 local; Southern Switzerland, Dauphiny. C. leucophcea, 

 Jord.; capitules forming an elongated panicle, outer flowers 

 rayed, leaves very pale green ; Dauphiny, Pyrenees. 



E. Flowers red; involucre not spiny; bracts appen- 



