362 A NATURALIST IN THE PACIFIC chap. 



We will now proceed to discuss their differences in this respect, and 

 will begin with the residual Hawaiian flora. 



After eliminating two or three genera that will probably be 

 found in Fiji, but including one or two others that are best treated 

 under the endemic genera, about twenty-seven present themselves 

 for our purpose. Nearly all of them possess only endemic species, 

 and belong therefore to an age of dispersal that has passed away. 

 These residual genera plainly indicate that although Hawaii largely 

 received its flora during the age of general dispersal of Old World 

 genera over the Pacific, it was at the same time independently 

 stocked with plants from other sources. They include among 

 others — Cocculus (4), Cleome (i), Perrottetia (i), Mezoneuron (i), 

 Ly thrum, Sicyos (8), Peucedanum (2), Campylotheca (12), Senecio 

 (2), LobeHa (5), Embelia (i), Chrysophyllum (i), Rauwolfia (i), 

 Nama (i), Osmanthus (i), Jacquemontia (i), Breweria (i), Cuscuta 

 (i), Lycium (i), Sphacele (i), Phytolacca, Rumex (2), Urera (2), 

 Pilea, Dracaena ( I ), Naias, Potamogeton. Those printed in italics are 

 regarded as derived from America ; whilst the figures in brackets 

 indicate the number of endemic species, nearly all of the genera 

 except the five above indicated possessing only peculiar species, 

 and these five (Lythrum, Phytolacca, Pilea, Naias, Potamogeton) 

 are only represented by species found outside the group. 



American genera form a more conspicuous element than they 

 do amongst the genera that have been generally dispersed over 

 the Pacific, those exclusively American being fairly represented, 

 making a third of the whole. We find, for instance, in the 

 Hawaiian " Olomea," Perrottetia sandwicensis, a small tree that 

 represents in the woods of all the islands the Perrottetias of 

 Mexico and the Andes ; whilst with some of those genera that, like 

 Sicyos and Urera, are at home in both the Old and New Worlds, 

 we obtain indications of America being the source of the Hawaiian 

 plants. A few genera again, like Lythrum and Phytolacca, are 

 represented in Hawaii by American species. 



Plants with drupes, berries, or other fleshy fruits likely to 

 attract frugivorous birds compose about a third of the total number 

 of these residual genera, whilst fruits or seeds, that were in all 

 probability originally brought entangled in a bird's feathers, are 

 represented by Sicyos. Some of the genera with stone fruits, such 

 as Osmanthus, to which belongs the Hawaiian Olive, present 

 special difficulties on account of the size of the stone, in this case 

 two-thirds of an inch in length. There are also a number of genera 

 with large dry fruits and sometimes large seeds, of which the 



