24 EXAMINATION OF HORSES 
can be seen, and we have no evidence of its being 
the only gland affected by degenerative change. 
However, they are for. the most part aged subjects, 
and so are of.less importance. 
You now pass your left hand over the course of 
the jugular vein, and raise it as though you were 
going to bleed.. Distend it to its utmost by keeping 
pressure upon it for some time. By so doing you 
see its capacity, also any evidences (cicatrices) of 
phlebotomy. Besides cicatrices, we have often another 
evidence of phlebotomy in a sacculated condition of 
the vein. If there is only one: sac or two, their 
apices should be closely observed for cicatrices. We 
often find this latter. condition without there having 
been phlebotomy, from. unequal power of resistance 
in the coat of the vein, Prior phlebotomy is of 
importance locally, as pointing. to possible injury to 
the vein itself;. and remotely, as pointing to the 
cause requiring this operation—such as inflammation . 
of important organs like the lungs, bowels, and feet. , 
With regard, first, to injured vein. The injury may 
be obliteration, partial or complete. When complete, 
the vein has a hard, corded feel, and pressure upon. 
it fails. to raise (distend) it. I have. used the words. 
“complete obliteration,’ for practically it is so; but 
in nearly all cases, even the very worst, there yet 
remains a small irregular channel through which a 
thin stream of blood meanders. This condition is 
one of the worst of unsoundnesses, as the subject 
