28 EXAMINATION OF HORSES 
LECTURE IV. 
Shoulder—Shoulder Slip—-Causes—Slight Cases ‘‘doctored up”— 
Case—Caused by, Sprain—Curability—Point of Shoulder— 
Space between Shoulder Point and Elbow—Knee—Broken 
Knees—Five Degrees—First Degree—Second Degree—Third 
Degree—Fourth and Fifth Degrees—Severe Blow on Knees. 
GENTLEMEN,—At our last meeting we had got so far 
in our examination as the near-side shoulder, and I 
warned you about collar marks, and what they occa- 
sionally pointed to. The shoulders are liable to injury 
in one or two ways, and show it either as atrophy of 
the muscles on either side of the spine of the scapular, 
or by some mark at the point of the shoulder from 
injury or from surgical treatment. Atrophy of the 
shoulder, vulgarly known as “Shoulder Slip,” is rather 
a common disease, more especially among young horses 
used for much collar work. Those used for ploughing 
and harness are perhaps more liable to it than others.: 
It has been supposed that slipping in the furrow pro- 
duces it in the one case; but in the other I am not 
aware that even a guess has been made as to its cause. 
This is scarcely the place to discuss the matter; but I 
