AS TO SOUNDNESS. 9 
nothing can be either seen or felt, and which only 
manifests itself occasionally ; but when it does, the 
symptoms are unmistakably those of “spavin.” 
If you are quite satisfied with what you have seen. 
in the stable, you then have the horse brought out. 
In doing so it is best, if you have your choice, to 
have a snaffle bridle put on; but before the horse 
leaves the stable you had better examine his eyes. 
There is no contrivance so good for examining the 
eyes as a ‘top light,’ which we often find over a 
stable door. Bring the horse quite up to the door, 
and shut it. By this means you can examine the 
anterior half of the eyes thoroughly, and it is seldom 
we want to examine the posterior half—the fundus— 
which we can only do by means of the ophthalmoscope. 
The first thing in examining the eyes is to see that 
they are of equal size. Repeated attacks of ophthalmia 
leave the eye smaller than its fellow, together with 
other serious changes. One attack usually leaves be- 
hind it very perceptible changes, of which the fore- 
mentioned diminution in size is one. The smaller eye 
will also show signs of previous disease in the shape 
of the pupil; the iris being involved, we not unfre- 
quently have adhesion of its posterior part to the lens. 
This usually is only partial; so that on contraction of 
the iris, the part adherent does not move, and so 
alters the general outline of the margin of the pupil. 
To see this to the greatest perfection, place both hands 
gently over the eyes, so as to exclude the light, and 
