192 APPENDIX. 
that he takes an oath to state the truth, the whole truth, and 
nothing but the truth. On the other hand, while the counsel 
for the defence is bound not to introduce falsehood, his 
object is zo¢ the discovery or development of truth. Unless 
the witness is on his guard, he may find, when the learned 
counsel who has cross-examined him addresses the jury, 
that his affirmatives and negatives may be worked into.a 
shape representing the reverse of what he intended. 
Counsel’s dodge of putting more than one 
question at the same time. 
Some counsel adopt the ingenious plan of compressing 
two or three questions into one. A witness unthinkingly 
answers the last, or that which most fixes his attention. 
The same answer may not be strictly applicable to all, but 
the witness may find, when too late, that it is made so in the 
defence. In this case he should ask for a severance of the 
questions and give separate replies. 
Direct answers are necessary, because it is only by them 
that the case can be brought clearly before the Court and 
jury in all its details. Medical witnesses sometimes forget 
this, and fall into answers to questions floating in their own 
minds, or which they think are likely to be put to them. 
They are also sometimes disposed to anticipate many ques- 
tions by one general answer. This simply creates confusion, 
and the witness will be told by counsel to keep to the 
question, and that he is coming to the other matters pre- 
sently. 
Argument not Evidence. 
Care should be taken by a medical witness not to argue 
with the learned counsel. Argument is not evidence, and 
the entering into it disturbs the order of the proceedings. 
Arguments between counsel and witnesses, and even between 
