342 TwENTY-FiEST Biennial Rbpoet 



Horses, mules and asses are most commonly at- 

 tacked by glanders. Arranged according to their sus- 

 ceptibility to glanders, the ass comes first. This animal 

 is easily infected and rarely develops the disease other 

 than in the acute form. The mule is slightly less suscept- 

 ible and will occasionally develop the chronic form. The 

 horse is least susceptible and often shows the disease in 

 the chronic form and will sometimes re-act to the mallein 

 test without ever having shown any clinical symptom. 



Glanders is caused by the introduction into the sys- 

 tem of the bacillus malleus. After infection the disease 

 may become manifest in two weeks, but sometimes months 

 may elapse before any external symptoms are shown. 

 Usually the first indication of glanders is a discharge 

 from one or both nostrils, or the appearance on the body 

 or legs of small nodes which break open and become 

 angry looking ulcers, which show little or no tendency to 

 heal even with treatment. This latter condition is known 

 as "farcy," and true farcy is cutaneous glanders and 

 should be very carefully treated, as there is so much 

 danger of its transmission to the man attending. When 

 a discharge from the nostril is noticed, an examination 

 of the nasal mucus membranes should be made and 

 characteristic ulcers may be found on the septum nasi, 

 or the membrane which divides one nostril from the other. 

 And always the submaxillary glands will be enlarged; the 

 size of the enlargement and its condition are governed 

 by the intensity of the ulceration of the nasal mucus 

 membranes. 



The treatment of glanders is similar to the treatment 

 of leprosy in man; it seldom, if ever, is successful. It is 

 not advisable to attempt the treatment of an animal suf- 

 fering with glanders, but, on the contrary, it should be 

 destroyed and the carcass burned to ashes and all wood- 

 work, water troughs, feed boxes, harness, etc., should be 

 burned or thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. All ex- 

 posed, susceptible animals should be subjected to the 

 mallein test, and re-actors to the test should be dealt 

 with the same as in acute cases. The mallein test may 

 be made in either of the two reliable methods. The sub- 

 cutaneous test is made by recording the body tempera- 

 ture every two hours for six or eight hours, and then 



