THE BEAN LEAF-HOPPEE. 229 



very injurious to them. In its perfect state it is rather less 

 than three twentieths of an inch long. Its body is yellowish 

 wliite, its wing-covers and wings are white and transparent, 

 and its eyes, claws, and piercer brown. The male has two 

 recurved appendages at the tip of its hind body. It may 

 be called Tettigonia Bosce* Swarms of these insects may 

 be found, in various stages of growth, on the leaves of the 

 rose-bush, through the greater part of summer, and even 

 in winter upon housed plants. Their numerous cast skins 

 may be seen adhering to the lower side of the leaves. They 

 pair and lay their eggs about the middle of June, and they 

 probably live through the winter in the perfect state, con- 

 cealed under fallen leaves and rubbish on the surface of the 

 ground. Fumigations with tobacco, and the application of 

 a solution of whale-oil soap in water with a syringe, are the 

 best means for destroying these leaf-hoppers. 



I have found that the Windsor bean, a variety of the 

 Vicia Faba of Linnseus, is subject to the attacks of a species 

 of leaf-hopper, particularly during dry seasons, and when 

 cultivated in light soils. In the early part of summer the 

 insects are so small and so light-colored that they easily 

 escape observation, and it is not till the beginning of July, 

 when the beans are usually large enough to be gathered 

 for the table, that the ravages of the insects lead to their 

 discovery. A large proportion of the pods will then be 

 found to be rough, and covered with little dark-colored dots 

 or scars, and many of them seem to be unusually spongy 

 and not well filled. On opening these spongy pods, we find 

 that the beans have not grown to their proper size, and if 

 they are left on the plant they cease to enlarge. At the 

 same time the leaves, pods, and stalks are more or less in- 

 fested with little leaf-hoppers, not fiilly grown, and unpro- 

 vided with wings. Usually between the end of July and 



* This insect may be the Cicada Rosm of Linnseus, or lassus Rosae of Fabriciiis. 

 It belongs to Dr. Fitch's genus Empoa, as also does Tettigonia Fahce. The Tettl- 

 gonia Vitis is an Erythroneura of the same author. 



