DEPENDENCE ON ASSOCIATION. 85 



showing the relation and sequence of stimuli, 

 psychical effects, and reactions. Such facts are our 

 knowledge of how we and our fellow-men and 

 domestic animals are affected by all the varied 

 stimuli which constitute our and their environment, 

 causing conscious or unconscious cerebration which 

 may at some time exert a decisive influence upon 

 our movements. That this idea of the operation of 

 energy upon living organisms may be extended to 

 embrace even the material aspect of the higher 

 mental functions, seems to be the conclusion of 

 physiological psychology. Mr. Herbert Spencer 

 has attempted the statement of the case as follows : 

 " No thought, no feeling, is ever manifested save 

 as a result of a physical force. This principle will 

 before long be a scientific commonplace." Professor 

 Wundt, without assuming a causal relation between 

 the two series of phenomena, has given us a better 

 conception, as follows : — 



"This is what the analysis of the process of 

 sensation comes to, viz. that logical necessity and 

 mechanical necessity differ, not in their essence, 

 but simply according to our way of regarding 

 them. That which is given to us by psycho- 

 logical analysis as a continuity of logical opera- 

 tions {Schliisse), is given also by physiological 

 analysis as a continuity of mechanical effects {Kraft- 

 ivirkungen). . . . Logic and mechanism are identi- 



