204 Sheep-Farming 



breeding flock. There are times when the horses 

 feel indined to rush about, and at such times some 

 of the sheep are almost certain to be injured. 



Amplication of tar. — During the hot, dry season 

 when the flies torment the sheep a great deal, it is advi- 

 sable to coat the nostrils of all the sheep with pine tar. 

 The best plan is to warm the tar until it becomes 

 fluid, and then, with a stick that has a small piece of 

 cloth wound around it, apply the tar to the nostrils. 

 This wards off the attacks of the gadfly. This fly 

 deposits the larva or living worm in the nostrils of the 

 sheep ; La a short time, the larva passes up the nos- 

 trils and lodges in the nasal sinuses. During the 

 winter it develops, and the irritation that it causes 

 produces the running at the nose, which is common 

 among so many flocks in the winter season. The 

 larva when developed is expelled by the sneezing of 

 the sheep, especially when grain feed is given dry. It 

 goes into the manure, then into the chrysalis state, 

 and finally emerges in June or July as a mature fly. 



Shade in pastures. — During the summer season, 

 the sheep should have some shade in their pastures. 

 If they have access to a small grove of trees, this is all 

 that is needed, but where they cannot have this, a 

 cheap shelter may easily be constructed by means 

 of boards. During the hot season, it wUl be noticed 

 that the sheep feed mostly in the morning and in 

 the evening, whUe in the intervening time they are 

 lying down in the shade chewing their cuds. The 



