Wool 221 



are generally known as short-stapled or the carding 

 wools, which are used for woolen cloth, or long- 

 stapled or combing wools, which are used for worsted 

 cloth. The long-stapled wools include the Lincoln, 

 Leicester, Cots wold, Romney Marsh, and Black- 

 face or Highland. The short-stapled include all 

 the Downs (Southdown, Hampshire, Suffolk, Shrop- 

 shire, Oxford) and the Cheviot and Welsh. The 

 manufacturer of woolens desires a short-stapled wool, 

 for such a wool has better felting qualities and usu- 

 ally more serrations or spirals than the long wools. 

 In manufacturing woolens into yarns, the fibers are 

 transversely disposed to the axis or length of the 

 thread. In yarns of this nature this feature is 

 termed "pile." The points projecting frorn the 

 center should be numerous, so that in felting the 

 fabric unites and also when the cloth comes to be 

 finished, it will appear on top like short fur. On 

 the other hand, in worsted goods the object is to 

 stretch the fibers and lay them parallel with each 

 other, and this produces a yarn even, strong, and 

 composed of as fine fibers as possible. In this pro- 

 cess of manufacture, it is easy to see that the length 

 and strength of a fiber includes its most valuable 

 characteristics. 



Examining the fleece. — In examining and valuing 

 the fleece, the chief points to consider are the quantity, 

 quality, and condition. The quantity is determined 

 by the length and density. Quality of wool depends 



