BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER 39 



Adult c? Spring. — Crown black, a white stripe through its center and over 

 each eye; cheeks entirely or largely black; back black striped with white; 

 upper tail-coverts black, their outer webs margined with white; tail blackish, 

 externally margined with gray, usually all but the central pair of feathers with 

 white patches or margins on the inner web at the tip ; wings blackish, externally 

 edged with grayish, tertiaries and coverts black, the first margined, the latter 

 broadly tipped with white forming two wing-bars; throat black usually with 

 more or less white and with white stripes at either side from the base of the 

 bill; breast and sides streaked black and white, center of the belly white. 



Adult <S Fall. — Similar to adult c? in Spring, but with more white on the 

 breast and throat, the latter sometimes wholly white. 



Young (J Fall. — Similar to adult c? Fall, but with cheeks entirely or largely 

 white with a black postocular streak; the throat and center of the breast white, 

 the black streaks of the underparts being confined to the sides and under 

 tail-coverts. 



Adult 5 Spring. — Similar to adult (3 in Spring, but above less glossy and 

 more or less washed with brownish, particularly on the rump; the cheeks 

 grayish or whitish with a brownish tinge sometimes extending to the sides of 

 the throat and breast; below white, the streakings duskier, less sharply defined 

 and confined to the sides and crissum, which, with the flanks, is usually strongly 

 washed with brownish. Resembles young c? but is less distinctly streaked below 

 and shows brownish tinge. 



Adult 2 Fall. — Similar to adult $ in Spring, but the brownish wash every- 

 where stronger. 



Young S Fall. — Not distinguishable from adult 9 in Fall. 



Nestling. — Resembles young 2 but black duller, brown stronger and more 

 prevalent, especially on the breast. 



General Distribution — Eastern North America, north to New- 

 foundland and the Mackenzie Valley, west to the Rocky Mountains. 



Summer Range. — Breeds commonly as far south as to New 

 Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Iowa; less commonly to North Carolina, 

 Missouri, and Kansas; locally and rarely in the Gulf States; west 

 regularly to central Texas, central Kansas, and central South Dakota; 

 north to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, 

 and Mackenzie (Fort Norman) ; casually to Lesser Slave Lake and 

 Peace River Landing, Athabasca; occurs westward casually in Colo- 

 rado (Boulder, Table Rock), and in California (Farallone Islands, 

 May 28, 1887 ; Pasadena, October 8, 1895 ; Arroyo Seco, Los Angeles 

 Co., October 2, 1895 ; Point Lobos, Monterey Co., Sept. 9, 1901 ; 

 Watsonville, Sept. 24, 1903); Washington (Olympia, Sept. 8, 1903). 



Winter Range. — Northern Florida (St. Augustine), and 

 southern Texas; south throughout the West Indies to Venezuela and 

 Ecuador. 



