78 BACHMAN'S WARBLER 



Adult cS, Spring. — Forehead broadly yellow, bordered by a black band 

 across the crown; eye-ring yellow; hindhead and nape gray; back olive-green; 

 tail fuscous, the outer three, and sometimes all but the middle pair of feathers, 

 with white patches on the inner web near the tip; wings margined with gray 

 on primaries, olive-green on other feathers; lesser coverts and bend of wing 

 bright yellow, no white bars; chin, sides and, sometimes, upper part of throat 

 yellow; lower throat and breast black, belly yellow usually becoming brownish 

 white on the lower belly and crissum. 



Adult 1$, Fall. — Similar to adult c? in Spring, but black of crown widely 

 tipped with gray, black breast narrowly tipped with yellow and grayish. 



Young <$, Fall. — ^Throat-patch smaller than in adult c?, less black or none on 

 the head; throat-patch tipped with yellowish or grayish; less white, or none, 

 in the tail. 



Young t?. Spring. — Not appreciably different from young c? in Fall, the full 

 black breast-patch and frontlet evidently not being acquired the first year. 



Adult S, Spring. — Forehead and eye-ring yellowish; crown and nape gray; 

 back olive-green; tail fuscous with little or no white on inner vanes of outer 

 feathers ; wings as in c?, but lesser coverts olive-green ; underparts yellow, fading 

 to brownish white on the lower belly and crissum; a dusky wash on the breast, 

 where, in some specimens, there is a more or less well-developed black patch. 



Adult 2, Fall. — Resembles adult $ in Spring. 



Young 2, Fall. — Similar to adult ? in Spring, but with less yellow on fore- 

 head and underparts; back grayer; below dusky yellowish. 



Young 2, Spring. — Similar to young ? in Fall. 



Nestling. — A <S, passing from nestling to first Fall plumage, taken by A. T. 

 Wayne near Charleston, S. C, is described by William Brewster as follows : 



"Top and sides of head and forepart of back faded hair brown with a 

 trace of ashy on the middle of crown ; remainder of upper parts dull olive-green ; 

 wings and tail (which are fully grown) as in the first winter plumage except- 

 ing that the greater and middle wing-coverts are rather more broadly tipped 

 with light brown, forming two well-marked wing-bars; chin and throat 

 brownish white tinged with yellow; sides of jugulum smoke gray, its center 

 yellowish ; sides of breast gamboge yellow shading into olive on the flanks ; 

 middle of breast, with most of abdomen, yellowish white; under tail-coverts 

 ashy white. All the feathers on the under parts which are strongly yellow or 

 olive, and those on the upper parts, which are decidedly ashy, or greenish, 

 appear to belong to the autumnal plumage or, as it is now called, the first 

 winter plumage, but all the other feathers on the head and body are evidently 

 those of the first plumage.'' (The Auk, 1905, p. 393.) 



General Distribution. — Southeastern United States, north to 

 Missouri and North Carolina; south in winter to West Indies. 



Summer Range. — This Warbler has been secured in the breed- 

 ing season in North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Arkansas 

 and Missouri; as a young of the year in Virginia; during migration 

 in Florida and Louisiana. Accidental in Indiana. 



Winter Range. — So far as known, Cuba. 



