288 THE STATUS OF MAN. 



show that they get from under the control of regulating fac- 

 tors, which kept the species together, just as stray and hybrid 

 dogs get firom under a similar control. What happens to them? 

 They migrate to the cities more easily than the conforming 

 members of the species. And the population of the cities has 

 nothing to distinguish itself from the population of the other 

 cities. The little islands of pure species all over a country melt 

 away, they become smaller and smaller, and the sub-stratum 

 in which they lay imbedded, is the more or less homogeneous 

 residual population. 



This mass of the population tends to dominate numerically, 

 even if its birth-rate is not as high as that in the rural islands. 

 Every time two or more local species coalesce, all those people 

 come to belong to the residual species. For, as this group, this 

 residual population of the country, shows no divisions any- 

 where, it is from the outside bounded only by people of differ- 

 ent nationality, and by people speaking a different language. In 

 such a group, the only division into species possible is the one 

 on a basis of wealth and culture, or religion. If we speak of the 

 French as compared to the Germans, we do not think of inhabi- 

 tants of a Basque village, and not of Schwarzwalders, but of 

 the French of Havre and Paris and Marseilles, and of the Ger- 

 mans of Hamburg, Berlin. People whose habitat is the whole 

 of France, the whole of Germany. Common language and 

 common laws hold these groups together. 



Gradually, the local species in European countries are tend- 

 ing to merge into the great residual groups. The United States 

 have been for all sorts of European communities, one vast 

 international city in this respect. The only splitting up into 

 species possible here, it seems to me, is a split such as has taken 

 effect in the residual populations of the European countries. 

 A secondary local differentiation seems little probable, in 

 view of the transportation facilities. 



