3° 



PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY 



adults and young, in general resemble their surroundings. Thus 

 the green caterpillar of the cabbage butterfly (Fig. 20) is very 

 difficult to see against the green of the leaves and no doubt es- 

 capes from many of its enemies because 

 of its general protective resemblance. 



One of the most famous of all but- 

 terflies is the Kallima (Fig. 13) which 

 is found in India. When at rest this 

 insect clings to the side of a twig with 

 its wings held together over its back. 

 In this position it resembles a dead leaf 

 and is no doubt overlooked by its 

 enemies, the birds and lizards. Any 

 animal that looks like some special ob- 

 ject, as in this case, is said to possess 

 special protective resemblance. An in- 

 teresting insect of this sort that is often 

 abundant in this country is the walk- 

 ing stick (Fig. 14), which is long and 

 slender and colored like the bark of a 

 tree. When it clings to a twig and 

 extends its front legs in a line with its 

 body, it is effectively concealed from its 

 enemies by its special resemblance to 

 the twig. 



Certain other animals are very 

 brightly colored and are, therefore, quite 

 conspicuous amid their surroundings. It has been found, 

 however, that such animals are often distasteful to their nat- 

 ural enemies, and, being conspicuous, are readily recognized, 

 and thus the animals that might otherwise prey upon them are 

 warned of their inedible qualities. The potato beetle, the lady- 

 bird beetle, and the hornet are all supposed to be warningly 

 colored. 



The term protective mimicry has been applied to cases such 



Fig. 14. — A walking 

 stick. (From Davenport.) 



