The Grasshopper. 87 



Outline of New Work. — The head is long and moves 

 freely on the neck. There are two large eyes, one on 

 each side of the head. The grasshopper has one pair of 

 antennae. In the center of the forehead is a simple eye 

 (Fig. 2, 00,) that is easily seen, while two more simple 

 eyes (Fig. 2, oc^,) are placed, one on each side, in front 

 of the compound eyes. 



Holding the head of the grasshopper firmly between 

 the fingers, and raising the loose flap that covers the 

 mouth-parts, called the labrum, or upper lip, (Figs. 1 

 and 2, la,) we see the hard, dark 

 brown mandibles (Fig. 1, Tnd,) having 

 strong, toothed edges with which the 

 grasshopper cuts oif leaves of plants. 

 Between these is the mouth. Below the 

 mouth lies what is often called the under 

 lip, but is really a pair of united ap- 

 pendages, the second pair of maxillse 

 (Fig. 1, Tnx"). Above these and nearly 

 *^s- *■ hidden between them and the mandi- 



bles are the first pair of maxillae (Fig. 1, wia;'). In 

 Fig. 2 only the palpi or jointed feelers of the maxillae 

 are seen. 



Fig. 3, tn, ia the tongae, which is between the first pair of 

 maxillEe. 



Some of us have watched the grasshopper breathe, and 

 know how he seems to pant as his body contracts and 

 expands. We look on the sides of the abdomen for the 

 breathing holes. Here they are, seven of them in plain 

 sight, and another high up on the first ring in front of 

 the ear (Fig. 1, C, «3-s'°). They look like tiny pin- 

 holes, just above the fold on each side of the abdomen 

 and close to the forward margin of each ring. If these 

 do not show plainly, a larger pair on the thorax (Fig. 1, 



