112 Lessons in Zoology. 



united to form a closed tube, throagh which the honey of 

 the flowers is carried to the mouth. Mandibles are of no 

 use and extremely minute, if present at all. 



After the scalea are inbbed off, the children draw the wings, no- 

 ticing the long veins evenly diatribated over them. Saoh a wing 

 cannot give a strong downward stroke, hence the fluttering of the 

 bnttetfly. If a microscope can be procnred, a bit of a wing with 

 some of the scales still on it may now be shown (Fig. 3), each child 

 looking at it in torn while the others draw. 



The butterfly's legs are small and weak, because but 

 little used. 



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Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. 



The caterpillar of the cabbage butterfly (Fig. 4) has a 

 long, greenish body. The rings of the thorax are like 

 those of the abdomen. The legs on the thorax are very 

 small and end in little claws. There are five pairs of 

 legs on the abdomen ending in broad cushions. The 

 breathing holes show very plainly on the abdomen. Since 

 the caterpillar feeds on leaves, it has strong mandibles 

 for biting. 



In its winter sleep in the chrysalis the caterpillar is 

 transformed into a butterfly. It prepares for the change 

 by seeking the under side of some fence rail (Fig. 4), fix- 

 ing itself by its tail, and spinning a strong silken band 

 around the middle of its body to hold it in place (Fig. 5). 

 In its firm chrysalis skin (Fig. 6) it defies Jack Frost, 

 and comes out in the spring a perfect butterfly. 



