22 THE DESCENT OF MAN 



on each other in the first and succeeding generations f 

 And so with many other points. 



The inquirer would next come to the important point 

 whether man tends to increase at so rapid a rate as to lead 

 to occasional severe strnggles for existence; and conse- 

 quently to beneficial variations, whether in body or mind, 

 being preserved, and injurious ones eliminated. Do the 

 races or species of men, whichever term may be applied, 

 encroach on and replace one another, so that some finally 

 become extinct ? We shall see that all these questions, as 

 indeed is obvious in respect to most of them, must be an- 

 swered in the afS.rmative, in the same manner as with the 

 lower animals. But the several considerations just referred 

 to may be conveniently deferred for a time ; and we will first 

 see how far the bodily structure of man shows traces, more 

 or less plain, of his descent from some lower form. In suc- 

 ceeding chapters, the mental powers of man, in comparison 

 with those of the lower animals, will be considered. 



The Bodily Structure of Man. — It is notorious that man 

 is constructed on the same general type or model as other 

 mammals. All the bones in his skeleton can be compared 

 with corresponding bones in a monkey, bat, or seal. So 

 it is with his muscles, nerves, blood-vessels, and internal 

 viscera. The brain, the most importa?^ ^-3lf ^^ Oigans, 

 follows the same law, as shown fejT "fluxley and other Sato- 

 mists. Bischoff,' who isa^ij^le witness, admits that eve^ 

 chief fissure and foldji^fthe brain of man has its analogy in 

 that of the oii»^}fg'f\^\, he adds that at no period of develop- 

 ment do tbpy (,jains perfectly agree; no^could perfect agree- 

 JSiignr^eexpected, for otherwise their mental powers would 

 have been the same. Vulpian' remarks: "I^s difii^rences 



1 "Srosshimwindungen des Menschen," 1868, b. 06. The conclusions of 

 this author, as weU as those of Gratiolet and Aeby, concerning ttje brain, wiU 

 be discussed by Prof. Huxley in the Appendix alluded to in the Preface to thia 



^'^""Leeous sur la Physiologie," 1866, p. 890, as quoted by IL Dally, «'L'Ordm 



des Primates et le Traasformisine," 1868, p. 29. 



