THE DESCENT OB ORIGIN OF MAN 101 



of her young ones in a stream. So intense is the grief of 

 female monkeys for the loss of their young, that it invari- 

 ably caused the death of certain kinds kept under confine- 

 ment by Brehm in North Africa. Orphan' monkeys were 

 always adopted and carefully guarded by the other monkeys, 

 both males and females. One female baboon had so capa- 

 cious a heart that she not only adopted young monkeys of 

 other species, but stole young dogs and cats, which she con- 

 tinually carried about. Her kindness, however, did not go 

 so far as to share her food with her adopted offspring, at 

 which Brehm was surprised, as his monkeys always divided 

 everything quite fairly with their own young ones. An 

 adopted kitten scratched this affectionate baboon, who cer- 

 tainly had a fine intellect, for she was much astonished at 

 being scratched, and immediately examined the kitten's 

 feet, and without more ado bit oft' the claws." In the 

 Zoological Gardens, I heard from the keeper that an old 

 baboon ( G. , Ohacma) had adopted a Ehesus monkey ; but 

 when a young drill and, mandrill were placed in the cage, 

 she seemed to perceive that these monkeys, though distinct 

 species, were her near relatives, for she at once rejected 

 the Ehesus and adopted both of them. The young Ehesus, 

 as I saw, was greatly discontented at being thus rejected, 

 and it would, like a naughty child, annoy and attack the 

 young drill and mandrill whenever it could do so with 

 safety; this conduct exciting great indignation in the old 

 baboon. Monkeys will also, according to Brehm, defend 

 their master when attacked by any one, as well as dogs 

 to whom they are attached, from the attacks of other dogs. 

 But we here trench on the subjects of sympathy and fidelity, 

 to which I shall recur. Some of Brehm' s monkeys took 

 much delight in teasing a certain old dog whom they dis- 

 liked, as well as other animals, in various ingenious ways. 



" A critic, without any grounds ("Quarterly Review," July, 18'?1, p. 12), 

 disputes the possibility of this act as described by Brehm, for the sake of dis- 

 crediTiing my work. Therefore I tried, and found that I could readily seize 

 with riy own teeth the sharp little claws of a kitten nearly five weeks old. 



