102 THE DESCENT OF MATT 



Most of the more complex emotions are common to the 

 higher animals and ourselves. Every one has seen how jeal- 

 ous a dog is of his master's affection, if lavished on any other 

 creature; and I have observed the same fact with monkeys. 

 This shows that animals not only love, but have desire to 

 be loved. Animals manifestly feel emulation. They love 

 approbation or praise; and a dog carrying a basket for his 

 master exhibits in a high degree self-complacency or pride. 

 There can, I think, be no doubt that a dog feels shame, as 

 distinct from fear, and something very like modesty when 

 begging too often for food. A great dog scorns the snarling 

 of a little dog, and this may be called magnanimity. Sev- 

 eral observers have stated that monkeys certainly dislike 

 being laughed at; and they sometimes invent imaginary 

 offences. In the Zoological Gardens 1 saw a baboon who 

 always got into a furious rage when his keeper took out a 

 letter or book and read it aloud to him; and his rage was 

 so violent that, as I witnessed on one occasion, he bit his 

 own leg till the blood flowed. I^ogs show what may be 

 fairly called a sense of humor, as distinct from mere play ; 

 if a bit of stick or other such object be thrown to one, he 

 will often carry it away for a short distance; and then, 

 squatting down with it on the ground close before him, 

 will wait until his master comes quite close to take it 

 away. The dog will then seize it and rush away in tri- 

 umph, repeating the same manoeuvre, and evidently enjoy- 

 ing the practical joke. 



We will now turn to the more intellectual emotions and 

 faculties, which are very important, as forming the basis 

 for the development of the higher mental powers. Animals 

 manifestly enjoy excitement, and suffer from ennui, as may 

 be seen with dogs, and, according to Eengger, with monkeys. 

 All animals feel Wonder, and many exhibit Curiosity. They 

 Bometimes suffer from this latter quality, as when the hunter 

 plays antics and thus attracts them; I have witnessed this 

 with deer, and so it is with the wary chamois, and with some 

 lands of wild ducks. Brehm gives a curious account c' 



