172 THE DESCENT OF MAIf 



CHAPTEE V 



ON THE DEVELOPMENT OP THE INTBLLEOTUAL AND MOBAL 

 FACULTIES DURING PRIMEVAL AND CIVILIZED TIMES 



Advancement of the intellectual powers through natural selection — Impor- 

 tance of imitation — Social and moral faculties — Their development 

 within the limits of the same tribe — Natural selection as affecting 

 civilized nations — Evidence that civilized nations were once barbarous 



THE subjects to be jiiscussed in this chapter are of the 

 highest interest, but are treated by me in an imper- 

 fect and fragmentary manner. Mr. Wallace, in an 

 ' admirable paper before referred to,' argues that man, after 

 he had partially acquired those intellectual and moral facul- 

 ties which distinguish him from the lower animals, would 

 have been but little liable to bodily modifications through 

 natui'al selection or any other means. For man is enabled 

 through his mental faculties "to keep with an unchanged 

 body in harmony with the changing universe." He has 

 great power of adapting his habits to new conditions of 

 life. He invents weapons, tools, and various stratagems 

 to procure food and to defend himself. When he migrates 

 into a colder climate he uses clothes, builds sheds, and 

 makes fires; and by the aid of fire cooks food otherwise 

 indigestible. He aids his fellow-men in many ways, and 

 anticipates future events. Even at a remote period he prac- 

 ticed some division of labor. 



The lower animals, on the other band, must have their 

 bodily structure modified in order to survive under greatly 

 changed conditions. They must be rendered stronger, or 

 acquire more effective teeth or claws, for defence against 

 new enemies; or they must be reduced in size, so as to 



' "Anthropological Review," May 1864, p. clviiL 



