THE DESCENT OR ORIGIN OF MAN 225 



what in bodily constitution and mental disposition. If he 

 were then told that hundreds of similar specimens could 

 be brought from the same countries, he would assuredly 

 declare that they were as good species as many to which 

 he had been in the habit of affixing specific names. This 

 conclusion would be greatly strengthened as soon as he had 

 ascertained that these forms had all retained the same char- 

 acter for many centuries ; and that negroes, apparently iden- 

 tical with existing negroes, had lived at least 4,000 years 

 ago.* He would also hear, on the authority of an excellent 

 observer, Dr. Lund,' that the human skulls found in the 

 caves of Brazil, intombed with many extinct mammals, be- 

 longed to the same type as that now prevailing throughout 

 the American Continent. 



Our naturalist would then perhaps turn to geographicaL 

 distribution, and he would probably declare thaFtEoseforms 

 must be^istinct species which differ not only in appear- 

 ance, but are fitted for hot as well as damp or dry countries, 

 and for the Arctic regions. He might appeal to the fact 

 that no species in the group next to man, namely the 

 Quadrumana, can resist a low temperature, or any consid- 

 erable change of climate; and that the species which come 

 nearest to man have never been reared to maturity, even 



' With reapeet to the figures in the famous Egyptian caves of Abou-Simbel, 

 M. Pouohet says ("The Plurality of the Human Races," Bng. translat., 1864, 

 p. 50) that he was far from finding recognizable representations of the dozen 

 or more nations which some authors believe that they can recognize. Even 

 Bome of the most strongly marked races cannot be identified with that degree 

 of unanimity which might have been expected from what has been written on 

 the subject. Thus Messrs. Notl and Gliddon ("Types of Manlrind," p. 148) 

 state that Barneses 11., or the Great, has features superbly Euiopean; whereas 

 Euoz, another firm believer in the specific distinctness of the races of man 

 (I'Eaces of Man," 1850, p. 201), speaking of young Memnon (the same as 

 Barneses IL, as I am mformed by Mr. Birch), insists in the strongest manner 

 that he is identical in character with the Jews of Antwerp. Again, when 

 I looked at the statue of Amunoph III., I agreed with two officers of the estab- 

 lishment, both competent judges, that he had a strongly marked negro type of 

 features; but Messrs. Nott and Gliddon (ibid., p. 146, fig. 53) describe him 

 68 a hybrid, but not of "negro intermixture." 



» As quoted by Nott and Gliddon, "Types of Mankind," 1854, p. 439. 

 They give also corroborative evidence,- but C. Vogt thinks tliat the subjeet 

 tequires ixaOaet inveatigatioii. 



