STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN 267 



less complicated and more symmetrical than in the Euro- 

 pean brain, while in some individuals of the chimpanzee 

 their complexity and asymmetry become notable. This is 

 particularly the case in the brain of a young male chim- 

 panzee figured by M. Broca, ("L'Ordre des Primates," 

 p. 165, Kg. 11.) 



Again, as respects the question of absolute size, it ia 

 established that the difference between the largest and the 

 smallest healthy human brain is greater than the difference 

 between the smallest healthy human brain and the largest 

 chimpanzee's or orang's brain. 



Moreover, there is one circumstance in which the orang's 

 and chimpanzee's brains resemble man's, but in which they 

 differ from the lower apes, and that is the presence of two 

 corpora candicantia — ^the Cynomorpha having but one. 



In view of these facts I do not hesitate in this year 1874 

 to repeat and insist upon the proposition which I enunciated 

 in 1863:" 



"So far as cerebral structure goes, therefore, it is clear that 

 man differs less from the chimpanzee or the orang than these 

 do even from the monkeys, and that the difference between 

 the brain of the chimpanzee and of man is almost insignifi- 

 cant, when compared with that between the chimpanzee 

 brain and that of a Lemur." 



In the paper to which I have referred, Prof. Bischoff 

 does not deny the second part of this statement, but he first 

 makes the irrelevant remark that it is not wonderful if the 

 brains of an orang and a Lemur are very different; and sec- 

 ondly, goes on to assert that, "If we successively compare 

 the bram of a man with that of an orang; the brain of this 

 with that of a chimpanzee; of this with that of a gorilla, 

 and so on of a Myhbates, Semnopithecus, Cynocephalus, 

 Cereopiihecus, Macacus, Cebus, Calhthrix, Lemur, Sienopa, 

 Sapale, we shall not meet with a greater or even as great 

 a break in the degree of development of the convolutions 

 as we find between the brain of a man and that of an orang 

 or chimpanzee." 



To which I reply, first, that whether this assertion be 

 true or false, it has nothing whatever to do with the proposi- 

 tion enunciated in "Man's Place in Nature," which refers 

 not to the development of the convolutions alone, but to the 

 structure of the whole brain. If Prof. Bischoff had taken 



« "Mail's Place in Nature," p. 102. 



