SEXUAL SELECTION 287 



male differs considerably from the female-, so it is with some 

 baboons, which live in herds containing twice as many adult 

 females as males. In South America the Mycetes caraya 

 presents well-marked sexual differences, in color, beard, 

 and vocal organs; and the male generally lives with two 

 or three wives: the male of the Cebus capucinus differs 

 somewhat from the female, and appears to be polygamous." 

 Little is known on this head with respect to most other 

 monkeys, but some species are strictly monogamous. The 

 ruminants are eminently polygamous, and they present sex- 

 ual differences more frequently than almost any other group 

 of mammals; this holds good especially in their weapons, 

 but also in other characters. Most deer, cattle, and sheep 

 are polygamous; as are most antelopes, though some are 

 monogamous. Sir Andrew Smith, in speaking of the ante- 

 lopes of South Africa, says that in herds of about a dozen 

 there was rarely more than one mature male. The Asiatic 

 Antilope saiga appears to be the most inordinate polygamist 

 in the world; for Palla^' states that the male drives away 

 all rivals, and colleets'-tJ^herd of about a hundred females 

 and kids together; the female is hornless and has softer 

 hair, but does not otherwise differ much from the male. 

 The wild horse of the Falkland Islands and of the West- 

 ern States of North America is polygamous, but, except in 

 his greater size and in the proportions of his body, differs 

 but little from the mare. The wild boar presents well- 

 marked sexual characters, in his great tusks and some 

 other points. In Europe and in India he leads a solitary 

 life, except during the breeding season; but, as is believed 

 by Sir W. Elliot, who has had many opportunities in India 

 of observing this animal, he consorts at this season with 



'" On the Gorilla, Savage and Wynjan, "Boston Journal of Nat. Hist.," 

 vol. v., 1845-4'7, p. 423. On Oynooephalns, Brehm, "lUust. Tliierleben, " 

 B. i., 1864, s. it. On Mycetes, Sengger, "Naturgesch. : Saugethlere von 

 Paraguay," 1830, s. 14, 20. Cebus, Brehm, ibid., s. 108. 



" Pallas, "Spicilegia Zoolog.," Fasc. xii., 1111, p. 29. Sir Andrew Smith, 

 "lUustrations of the Zoology of 8. Africa," 1849, pi. 29, on the Kobus. Owen, 

 in his "Anatomy of Vertebrates" (vol. iii., 1868, p. 633) gives a table showing 

 incidentally which species of antelopes are gregarious. 



