APES, MONKEYS, AND LEMURS. 



ing propensities. The annoyance they caused amounted to a public nuisance, 

 for no house in the place was safe from their depredations. At last the 

 trouble grew so serious that some reduction in the number of these adept 

 thieves became a necessity, although the prejudices of the people were against 

 any such steps being taken. In the end the Government was requested to 

 interfere, and, waving aside all other considerations but that of public polity, 

 the authorities had many hundreds — report says thousands — captured and 

 sent away. Nevertheless there are plenty of them left, and they certainly 

 constitute one of the sights of a city that is probably in many lespects the 

 most interesting in the world." 



In Africa south of the Sahara the place of the langurs is taken by the 

 guerezas, of which there are nine species, easily distinguished by the total 

 absence of the thumb. In the true guereza (Colobus guereza), 

 ranging from Somaliland to the Niam-Niam country and Guerezas 

 Mount Kilima-Njaro, the hair of the back is developed into a {(Julubus'^. 

 beautiful, long silky mantle hanging down on the sides of the 

 body, and likewise by the extremely bushy tail ; the mantle and tail, as well 

 as a ring round the face, being pure white, while the rest of the fur is jetty 

 black. The pellage of this species is extensively used by the natives of 

 Africa ; while that of all the long-liaired kinds is largely imported into 

 Europe for manufacture into muffs and other articles of dress. 



The guenons, or typical representatives of the family, which include con- 

 siderably over thirty species, are likewise exclusively confined to Africa 

 south of the Sahara desert. In common with the remaining 

 members of the family, they constitute a sub-family dis- Guenons 

 tinguished from the last by the presence of cheek-pouches (Cercopitlieaus). 

 and the simple structure of the stomach. Their food is 

 more varied than that of the langurs and their allies, and consequently these 

 monkeys are much better adapted for captivity tlian are the latter. The 

 guenons are specially characterised by the relative slenderness of their build, 

 the more or less shortened muzzle, the moderate size of the callosities on the 

 buttocks, and the long tail. From the two following genera they may be 

 readily distinguished by the circumstance that the last molar tooth in the 

 lower jaw has no projecting heel at its hinder end, but consists simply of two 

 transverse ridges, like the teeth immediately in advance of it. Among the 

 better known species may be mentioned the green monkey (Cercopithrcvs 

 callilrichus), the Diana monkey (C. diana), so named from the white fillet 

 above the eyes, and the mona monkey (C. mona) ; all these being from 

 West Africa. 



Differing from the guenons solely in the presence of the aforesaid heel to 

 the last lower molar, the mangabeys, or white-eyelid monkeys, jiangaijeys 

 likewise form u, genus confined to Africa, where they are (fj^yci/cebus). 

 represented by only half-a-dozen species. They form a group 

 intermediate between the preceding and the following one. 



In the Oriental countries "this group of monkeys is represented by the 

 macaques, of which there are rather less than a score of 

 species. The macaques resemble the mangabeys in the struc- Macaques 

 ture of the last molar tooth, but are readily distinguished (Macacus). 

 by the considerable production of the muzzle, in which the 

 nostrils are not terminal. While the cheek-pouches and the callosities 

 on the buttocks are always well developed, the tail may bo either long, short, 

 or absent. Although these monkeys are mainly Oriental, one species, the 



