22 MAMMALIA— ORDER I.— PRIMATES. 



Barbary ape ( Mnr_ncMs imiiis), is found in North Africa and on the rock of 

 Gibraltar ; and one of the Asiatic species ranges as far nortli as Eastern 

 Tibet, while a third is found in Japan. In the Barbary ape the tail is want- 

 ing, in the common Bengal monkey (M. rhesus) it is about half the length of 

 the head and body, and in the crab-eating macaque (M. cynomolgus) it is con- 

 siderably longer. The well-known Indian lion-tailed monkey (Af. silenus) 

 takes its name from the presence of a large terminal tuft to the tail ; the 

 head and neck being also furnished with a mane. Many of these monkeys 

 are of comparatively large size, and are very savage in disposition, biting 

 tiercely when annoyed. 



The black ape {(Jyiiopithecus niger) of the island of Celebes is the sole re- 

 presentative of a genus forming a connecting link between 

 Black Ape the preceding and the following, the muzzle being more pro- 

 {Cynopithecits). duced than in the macaques, and the fore part of the skull 

 bearing longitudinal ridges, as in some of the dog-faced 

 baboons. This monkey, which takes its name from the dark colour of the hair, 

 has the tail reduced to a mere fleshy tubercle concealed among the fur. It is 

 also found in the island of Batchian, in the Molucca group, where it has 

 probably been introduced by the Malays. 



Two species of baboons, the one (Theropithecus gelada) from Southern 

 Abyssinia, and the other (T. ohscHrus) from North-Eastern 

 Gelada Baboons Africa — constitute a genus dilfering from the next by having 

 {Theropithecus). the nostrils placed on the sides of the long muzzle, as in the 

 macaques, instead of being terminal and opening on its trun- 

 cated extremity. The true gelada is a most extraordinary-looking creature, 

 having a long crest of dark brown hair above the eyes, and a mantle-hke 

 mane of the same descending from the neck arid shoulders to the loins, and 

 also reaching on the arms as far as the elbows ; the chin, and a patch on the 

 throat, as well as another on the 

 chest, being bare, and, as are all 

 the other naked parts, black in 

 colour. In size this baboon mea- 

 sures 29 inches to the root of the 

 tail ; the latter appendage, inclu- 

 sive of tlie tuffc at the tip, being 

 upwards of 32 inches. 



The remaining members of the 

 family Cercopitliecidiz are all in- 

 cluded in the genus 

 Dog-faced Pap io, and are com- 

 Baboons (Papio). monly known as 



dog-faced baboons u- ,, . -rv -^ 



J, r i.1 j_ 1 ,■ f^iff. li-^ADoG-F\cED Baboon 



on account of the great elongation (Vapiu). 



of the muzzle, in the truncated ter- 

 mination of which are pierced the nostrils in the same manner as in a doo-. 

 The callosities on the buttocks are very large and frequently brilliantfy 

 coloured; the muzzle is greatly swollen and often marked by longitudinal 

 flutings ; and the tail is more or less shortened. The dog-faced baboons 

 of which there are eleven different species, include the largest and most 

 repulsive-looking members of the entire family ; and are now confined to 

 Africa south of the Sahara and Southern Arabia, although during the later 

 geological periods they were represented in India. 



