HISTORY 69 



with considerable infiltration into the interlobular tissue of a 

 serofibrinous exudate was present. The pleura was infiltrated 

 and inflamed and covered with a fibrinous exudate. The 

 pleural cavities contained from two to twenty-five litres of 

 liquid. At the same time there existed a certain degree of 

 hemorrhagic enteritis and the wideli* disseminated hemor- 

 rhagic lesions common to the preceding form. 



In 1SS5, Kitt studied an epizootic disease in cattle and 

 swine in Sincbach. From this disease he isolated a short, 

 polar staining, non-motile, rod shaped organism, fatal to cattle, 

 horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs and rabbits. In the fol 

 lowing year Oreste and Armanni reported a destructive dis- 

 ease of young buffaloes in Italy with symptoms and lesions 

 similar to those reported by Bollinger and Kitt. This dis- 

 ease had been known in Italv for a century or more where 

 in certain districts it is reported to have recurred with great 

 regularity destroying both old and 3'oung animals. In the 

 same year (^iSS6) Poels described a septic pleuro-pneumonia in 

 calves which prevailed in the vicinity of Rotterdam. It was 

 of a septicaemia nature. From the organs he obtained an 

 organism belonging to the Bacillus septicaemiae hemorrhagicae 

 group of bacteria. In 1889, Jensen described a similar disease 

 affecting calves in Jutland. In 1889, Plot reported the 

 presence of " barbone " in the buffaloes and domestic cattle in 

 Eg3'pt. In some districts 40 per cent, of the horned cattle are 

 said to have died in a single year. It is reported as being 

 more prevalent in the wet season. 



In 1890, Van Ecke described a hemorrhagic septicaemia 

 in cattle in Dutch India, particularly in Java, the lesions of 

 which were similar to those first described by Bollinger. The 

 specific organism was virulent for rabbits, mice, turtle doves, 

 calves, horses and swine ; sheep and asses were almost im- 

 mune. In the following year Galtier described the same dis- 

 ease imported from Algiers to Lyons. A number of other in- 

 vestigators, among whom may be mentioned Reischig, Bon- 

 garts, Jakobi, Buch, Janson, Guillebeau and Hess, Von Ratz, 

 Fischer, Lignieres and others, have studied and reported cases 

 of this disease. In 1890, Nocard isolated from cases of broncho- 



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