LEADING FEATURES OF THE WHEAT INDUSTRY 213 
April, without manure, about 1 to 14 bushels of seed 
per acre being used. The last operation is a rolling or 
harrowing of the crop in the spring according to growth. 
Harvest operations commence soon after the New Year, 
being followed along the course already noticed in 
Chapter IV. 
Second Year.—Immediately after harvest the land is 
fallowed, after which it is subjected to various forms 
of cultivation by discing, cultivating, or harrowing. In 
April again the land is deep-ploughed, and the same 
system of cultivation follows as was pursued in the first 
year. 
Third Year.—After the second wheat crop has been 
harvested, the land is once more ploughed and left in 
this state over the winter. Ploughing, it may be 
mentioned, in this case does not occur until early winter. 
During the summer the land is thoroughly cleaned, and 
in December a root crop is sown with manure. The crop 
provides excellent winter feed for sheep, and is eaten 
off by July. 
Fourth Year. — ediately the land is free it is 
ploughed again, ‘after a short period of cultivation 
is sown in oats with grass. The crop is harvested at the 
usual time, and then the land is left in grass for some 
three years, after which it is again cultivated and 
devoted to the same system of cultivation as before. 
This system of farming undoubtedly produces good 
results; for, during the years 1905-14 the yield per acre 
for the whole farm has never been less than 37 bushels 
per acre, and has been as high as 53. 
Such an intelligent and far-seeing system of cultivation 
is not prevalent throughout the whole producing area; 
if it were, our efficiency as producers of wheat would 
be increased greatly. The general tendency, however, 
is towards such rotation systems with careful cultivation 
of the land for each crop. In so far as New Zealand 
